Symptoms and Control methods of Banana Fusarium Wilt cultivation techniques of Banana

Although bananas can be bought in all parts of the world with rich nutrients and soft waxy taste, this is due to its large annual output and convenient transportation. Because bananas are actually only produced in tropical and subtropical places. Sometimes, because some diseases are easy to occur in the process of banana planting, the yield of banana is significantly reduced.

Symptoms and control methods of banana Fusarium wilt

First, symptoms

External symptoms: at the adult stage, the diseased plant first showed a specific yellow in the lower leaf and the outer leaf sheath, initially occurred at the edge of the leaf, and then expanded to the middle rib, which was significantly compared with the dark green part of the leaf.

Internal symptoms: in and around the medulla of the middle column, the vascular bundles with yellow-red lesions were spotted or linear. The closer to the base of the stem, the darker the lesion was, and the woody ducts in the roots became reddish brown and gradually became dark brown and dried up. The bulbs turn dark brown and gradually rot, with a special stench.

II. Prevention and control methods

1. Strictly enforce the quarantine system and strictly restrict the import of banana seedlings and Manila hemp seedlings and their accompanying soil from the disease area.

2. Select disease-free seedlings and disease-resistant varieties in order to ensure that banana orchards are free of Fusarium wilt, disease-free banana seedlings should be selected, and the basic method is to introduce them from areas where there is no banana Fusarium wilt. In addition, Fusarium wilt-resistant varieties should be selected as far as possible.

3. Blockade the disease area to prevent the disease from spreading. If sporadic diseased plants are found in the banana garden, the diseased plants should be immediately uprooted and chopped up, put them in a plastic bag, add lime and seal the mouth of the bag, remove and away from the banana garden to let it rot.

4. diseased soil treatment in order to eliminate the source of infection and eliminate the opportunity of transmission, diseased soil treatment is a very important measure.

5. Strengthen cultivation management, apply more fertilizer, open ditches and drain water, and enhance plant disease resistance. The seriously diseased banana garden on the flat land can be flooded for half a year or rotate with rice.

6. Carbendazim, carbendazim and carbendazim were used to disinfect the diseased fields for 3 times to reduce the number of pathogens in the soil.

Main causes of banana Fusarium wilt

Among the fungi of the genus Fusarium, the subphylum Trichoderma and Fusarium are soil habitation bacteria. The most suitable PH value of mycelium is 5.0-6.0 and the temperature is 26-30 degrees. The disease is serious under the conditions of continuous cropping for many years, poor soil drainage, poor air permeability, soil acidity, high soil temperature and poor soil.

Cultivation techniques of Banana

1. Planting and ploughing

The best time for field planting is spring planting, combined with the soil conditions of banana base in Gengma County, the planting methods are ditch planting and pit planting. The paddy field adopts furrow planting, which requires that the soil should be planted after deep ploughing, with one row and two rows, each with a depth of 0.5 meters, a width of 0.3 meters and a border length of 100 meters, with secondary drainage ditches to facilitate irrigation in the dry season and drainage in the rainy season. Planting specifications are 1.7 × 2.2 meters wide and narrow rows, planting 176 plants per mu; dry land adopts pit and pond planting method, planting 150 plants per mu according to 1.7 × 2.6 meters wide.

2. Fertilizer and water management

Fertilization after planting should adhere to "diligent application, thin application, key application". Flush 5 kg of water with light fecal water or a small amount of available chemical fertilizer 2-3 weeks after planting, once every 7-10 days (in sunny days, drenched 10-15 cm away from the banana head), until stamens, and gradually expand the fertilization range along the crown cover as the plant grows. In addition to daily topdressing, it is necessary to re-apply fertilizer twice in combination with ploughing and soil cultivation. The first is to change pole fertilizer, which is carried out from late April to early May, with 0.3kg of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and 3kg of ash manure per plant, and the second time is to change fruit fertilizer. The Beginning of Autumn or the first ten days of June, each plant applied 5kg of ash manure and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of banana

1. Scab

Symptoms: there are many small black spots in or around the veins of the leaves at the initial stage, and accumulate in one piece (conidia of pathogens), the spots accumulated in the middle stage (conidia) turn brown, the veins and periphery turn yellow, and in severe cases, the whole banana leaf dries up.

Prevention and control methods: the main control strategy of scab is "early prevention, comprehensive measures and protective agents".

1. Adjust the planting density to enhance the ventilation and light transmittance of the banana garden.

2. One month after transplanting and before and after budding, the banana was sprayed with 24% Kailun 1500 times foliar for 3 times.

3. At the initial stage of the disease, Ruoshuitong 3000 times + 70% Nanxin 700 times + 80% Dasheng 500 times were sprayed continuously for 2-3 times (can also prevent leaf spot disease)

4. In the middle stage of the disease, the use of 12% cloclobuzole 800x + 24% should be 1000 times + 50% methyl topiramate (water agent) 600x spray 2-3 times, once every 7 days.

Root-knot nematode

Symptoms of the disease: after the damage, the aboveground parts of the crops grew slowly, the leaves were yellow and dull, and the internodes shortened like lack of fertilizer and water; there were many milky white nodules in the underground roots, which turned yellowish brown to dark brown in the later stage, and in severe cases, the roots rotted and the whole crop died.

Prevention and control methods:

1. Improve the soil and increase the application of organic fertilizer (such as compost human and animal manure, humic acid and amino acid, etc.).

2. Often turn the soil to dry the land, and destroy the underground eggs through agricultural operations and direct sunlight.

3. Chemical control: in the early stage of the disease or in March, April and October and November of each year, 1.8% avermectin 3000 times + 40% phoxim 600 irrigation roots or 3% insecticidal (4 kg per mu).

The symptoms of banana Fusarium wilt are quite obvious, and we still need to observe more carefully in the process of planting. This pathogen is also known as AIDS in bananas, which has a great impact on bananas. Growers must not ignore it.