How to grow winter jujube planting techniques and matters needing attention

The construction of the garden: the close planting and dwarfing cultivation method is adopted, the winter jujube has higher requirements for light, and the design of the row direction should be north-south. Fertilization: the demand for phosphate fertilizer is high, and the base fertilizer is more important, topdressing about 3 times in the whole year. Pick the heart: in the early flowering stage, the jujube head picks the heart, leaving 3-5 secondary branches according to the strength of the growth. Pruning: no lateral branches are left in the direct fruiting group on the main branch. Pest control: actively control leaf mites, jujube buqu, jujube rust, jujube madness, jujube fruit shrinkage disease and peach heart borer, etc.

Winter jujube is a kind of fruit with relatively good market demand, and the benefit of planting winter jujube is OK, so the demand for the technology of planting winter jujube is also exuberant. However, planting winter jujube is not only to master the technology, but also from the actual planting situation, and then constantly accumulate planting experience!

First, how to grow winter jujube

The main results are as follows: 1. Winter jujube has strong adaptability, drought and barren resistance, and the requirement of fertilizer and water is not strict. Close planting and dwarfing cultivation should be adopted in the establishment of the garden, usually according to the way of 2 to 3 × 3 to 4 meters.

2. Winter jujube has high requirements for light, and the design of the direction should be the best in the north-south direction.

3. Winter jujube has a high demand for phosphate fertilizer, which can be planted with 0.5 kg of superphosphate and 25 kg of organic fertilizer.

4. If the winter jujube blossoms and bears fruit, it is necessary to pick the heart of the jujube head in the early flowering stage, leaving 3 to 5 secondary branches respectively according to the strength of growth. Then spray clear water, spray water every 1 to 3 days from the early stage of jujube blooming to the full flowering stage, a total of 3 to 5 times. Then there is hormone treatment, spraying 10 to 15 mg / L gibberellin 1 to 2 times at the initial stage of flowering. Finally, there are ring peeling and ring cutting.

5. The main diseases and insect pests of winter jujube are leaf mite, peach heart borer, jujube Buqu, jujube rust, jujube shrinking disease, jujube mad disease and so on. Corresponding diseases and insect pests all have corresponding use medicaments, which are generally sold on the market, but in order to prevent them in advance, it is better to prepare first.

II. Cultivation techniques and matters needing attention of Dongzao jujube

The main results are as follows: 1. Winter jujube produces strong pollen from self-flowering meeting, which can be matched with pollination trees.

2. When planting, dig a hole to put the seedlings in a row vertically and horizontally, not too dense or too scattered, and bury the soil to preserve soil moisture after irrigation.

3. After planting in spring, sprinkle water to the surface, then cover the soil, hold flat, lay plastic film, preserve soil moisture and increase temperature to promote survival.

4. The branches of winter jujube were pruned, and no lateral branches were left on the main branches. Pruning of the branches is conducive to regulating the growth of the main branches and the amount of fruit, and year by year to set fruit as the main element, to cultivate high-yield winter jujube, through the pruning of the branches, mainly in order to expand the strength of the main branches. The fruit branch of winter jujube is an abscission branch, which sprouts continuously with the growth of jujube hanging, and has a large number of flowers. according to the investigation, jujube trees have no age, as long as the trunk structure is reasonably distributed, ventilated and transparent, we can get large winter jujube decorated with branches.

3. Fertilization methods of winter jujube

1. No matter what kind of fertilization method is adopted, the fertilizer must be fully mature and mixed with the soil to prevent fertilizer damage. It is mainly composed of fully mature organic fertilizer (including bio-organic fertilizer), supplemented by quick-acting chemical fertilizer.

2. Chelating iron and boron should be supplemented in the plots where salinity is serious and iron deficiency yellow leaf disease occurs generally.

3. Base fertilizer is the most important fertilization in the whole year, accounting for about 60% of the total available nutrients in the whole year. It includes all organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers 1, 5, 2, 5 and 5.

4. Topdressing is applied three times, the first is in mid-March, the second is from mid-June to early July, and the third is in early August. The distribution of each stage can be adjusted according to the tree potential, and the early dosage of weak trees can be moderately increased, while that of prosperous trees can be reduced moderately.

4. integrated control techniques of main diseases and insect pests of winter jujube

The main results are as follows: 1. Strengthen soil and fertilizer management, improve soil improvement, improve soil fertility, ensure that waterlogging can drain and drought can water, promote the healthy growth of trees, improve the resistance to diseases and insect pests, and reduce jujube rust and jujube anthracnose. Red spider, jujube tortoise wax scale and other occurrence and harm have obvious effect.

2. Reasonable pruning can keep good ventilation and light transmission in the garden, and timely ploughing and weeding can reduce the occurrence of red spider, jujube rust, jujube anthracnose and so on.

3. The appropriate time should be chosen for pesticide control in order to obtain the best control effect.

(1) before germination, spray 10% diesel emulsion or 5 degree Be stone sulfur mixture to control red spider and jujube tortoise wax scale.

(2) at the beginning of March, the plastic film belt was tied around the base of the trunk, the upper edge was coated with armyworm medicine belt, and a circle of grass rope was tied at the bottom, which was changed once every half month, so as to prevent the female of jujube inchworm from going up the tree, and it could also induce the female to lay eggs and kill them centrally.

(3) spraying 50% monocrotophos 0.067% MUE 0.1% solution on the trees before leaf spreading, and spraying 50% phoxim on the ground nearly 1 meter at the base of the tree trunk in late April, 7.5 kg per hectare, can kill the immature larvae of pupated jujube gall midge.

(4) in early May, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion was sprayed on the trees from the initial stage of hatching to the formation of shells. 0.03% murine 0.05% solution, kill it.

(5) after the rain in early June, phoxim granules were sprinkled on the ground around 1 meter under the canopy to kill the unearthed peach heart borer.

(6) at the end of June, the trees were sprayed with 50% monocrotophos 0.1% solution or omethoate 0.125% solution to control red spiders and jujube tortoise wax scale.

(7) in the middle of July, the canopy was sprayed with 50% antiseptic special powder 0.167% solution or 0.067% strychnine solution to control jujube rust.

(8) at the end of July, 2.5% deltamethrin 0.03% solution was sprayed on trees to control peach heart borer and jujube tortoise wax scale nymph.

(9) in the middle of September, the trees were sprayed with 0.2% carbendazim solution or 0.33% Mel 0.5% ethyl phosphate aluminum solution to control jujube anthracnose.

4. According to the biological characteristics of the main diseases and insect pests of winter jujube, physical control can be adopted to control the diseases and insect pests.

(1) clean up the dead branches and leaves under the tree in time in autumn and winter, combine with pruning, cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests and stiff fruits, scrape off the bark of the old forsythia tree, and burn it centrally.

(2) at the same time, the garden soil was ploughed in autumn and winter to destroy the overwintering place of pests, reduce the population density, and reduce the harm of diseases and insect pests such as jujube tortoise wax scale, jujube inchworm, peach heart borer, red spider, jujube rust, jujube anthracnose and so on.

(3) when there is ice in winter, beating the branches in time can shake down the jujube tortoise wax scale. During the 1st-2nd instar of jujube inchworm larvae, the larvae can be shaken off and eliminated in time by making use of its false death.

In the process of planting winter jujube, fertilization and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests are a very important content, so we must do a good job in these two aspects, so as to ensure the yield and quality of winter jujube from the perspective of planting technology. so as to ensure the planting efficiency of winter jujube.