Planting techniques and matters needing attention on how to grow soybeans

Soybean is a very common ingredient, we often eat soy sauce main ingredient is it; stir-fried soybean oil is squeezed out of it; there are our breakfast mix, soy milk in the fried dough stick is it; stir-fried noodles of soybean paste is it; bean sprouts half of the country is also it; even all kinds of tofu products are also based on it. And how to grow this common ingredient?

How to grow soybeans

Spread a layer of wet mud in the field. After a day, dig a small hole with a hoe, put in two soybeans, and cover it with fine sand.

Soybean planting technology and precautions

I. Planting technology

1, seed selection and treatment, the best choice than the local growth period of about 5 days more varieties, seed purity requirements higher than 98%, purity higher than 97%, germination rate higher than 95%, water content lower than 13%, all seeds before sowing coating. Before sowing, all seeds were treated with 35% Dokefu seed coating agent, and soybean seed was treated with 1.75 seed coating agent.

2. Land selection and land preparation, select flat hillock land or flat land, and wheat stubble and corn stubble with loose soil, good soil quality and good drainage can be selected. Each square meter more than 5 centimeters of soil less than 5, the depth of 2 - 15 cm, subsoiling depth of more than 25 cm, to achieve the state of waiting for sowing.

3, scientific fertilization, application of organic fertilizer (organic matter content of more than 80%)15 tons per hectare, combined with soil preparation as a base fertilizer once applied. 175 kg of chemical fertilizer shall be applied per hectare, including 125 kg of phosphoric acid, 25 kg of urea and 25 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer. Seed fertilizer shall be applied deeply or laterally, and the distance between seeds and fertilizer shall be 6-8 cm.

4, precision seeding, local temperature stability through 7~8℃ can start seeding. According to the row spacing of 75 cm, alternate rows of plastic film seedling spacing of 3 cm, using special plastic film machinery precision sowing, to achieve fertilization, suppression, plastic film once completed. 220,000 - 250,000 seedlings per hectare. The planting amount per hectare is about 70 kg. Sowing evenly without broken strips, sowing quantity error of +3%, sowing depth of 5 cm, row spacing error of +1 cm, uniform film mulching. The thickness of agricultural film should be 0.008 mm, the width of agricultural film should be 1 m, and the amount of agricultural film should be about 50 kg per hectare.

5. Chemical weeding: soil sealing treatment can be carried out 3 days after sowing. Spray 90% acetochlor 800~1000 ml +70% Seke WP 150~300 g with 125~150 kg of water.

II. Precautions

Temperature: Because it is native to tropical areas and likes high temperature and high humidity environment, the requirements for winter temperature are very strict, and it cannot safely winter in areas where frost occurs.

2, light: light requirements are not strict, like sufficient sunshine, but also resistant to half shade.

3, fertilizer: for potted plants, in addition to adding organic fertilizer in the pot, in the usual maintenance process, but also appropriate fertilizer management.

soybean fertilizer and water management

1. Soybean needs a lot of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on yield increase of soybean is significant. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are generally based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing.

2. The quantity of base fertilizer should be determined according to soil fertility. Generally, 25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer per mu. During the growth period, topdressing can be timely according to the growth situation. Seedling stage, rhizobia has not yet formed, can be applied once 10% of human feces or ternary compound fertilizer 10 kg.

3. Spray 2 times of DPC before flowering and flowering to inhibit excessive growth of soybean, make stem thicker, plant type compact, promote nutrient transfer to pod, improve pod number and plump rate of soybean, and generally increase yield by 10-20%.

Control measures of common soybean diseases

1. Soybean root rot can occur and cause damage in the whole growth period of soybean, and the yield reduction range is 25%~75% or more. The protein content of the damaged seeds decreased obviously, and the main symptom was black brown spots at the base of stems. 58% ridoxycycline manganese zinc or 72% kelu wettable powder were mainly used for chemical control, and the dosage was 0.3%~0.4% of the seed weight.

2. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mainly infects stems, and the disease begins to occur in late July. Brown spots are found on stems at the initial stage of infection, and white cotton flocculent mycelium and white particles are found on the later spots, and then black particles (sclerotiorum) are changed. 50% prochloraz WP 1000 times solution or 40% nuclear bacteria 1000 times solution or 50% thiophane methyl 500 times solution is sprayed for chemical control.

3, soybean gray spot disease, also known as spot disease, generally in mid-June on the leaves began to develop, mid-July into the peak period. The disease started from the pod tender stage, the seed filling stage was the peak stage of the disease, and the disease was heavy in July and August in high temperature and rainy years. Chemical control: except for dressing seeds with 70% Dixone WP or 50% Thiram WP according to 0.3% of the seed amount at the time of sowing, 1.5kg of 40% carbendazim gum per hectare was sprayed at the pod flower stage of soybean.

Soybean is a common food in daily life. Because of its high nutritional value and various processing methods, soybean is widely loved by growers. Moreover, soybeans had undergone a series of difficult transformations to make various ingredients. It was difficult not to touch them three meals a day.