How to plant loquat time and method of grafting loquat fruit in several years

The shape of loquat is relatively small, generally common in yellow, is a kind of fruit that people are familiar with in life. Every year, when loquat is on the market, many people like to buy it and eat it, so it attracts the attention of many people. But before planting it, more people must want to have a comprehensive understanding of its planting method.

How to plant loquat

1. Nursery bed selection: the nursery should choose sandy soil with shady and leeward, loose soil, rich in organic matter, medium fertility, good fertilizer and water retention. Half a month before sowing (early and middle May), appropriate amount of mature compost, soil manure, pig manure or 50 kg compound fertilizer per mu were applied as base fertilizer. Then the soil is ploughed and raked fine and leveled to make a border, with a width of 1.2 meters and a furrow of 30 centimeters. Where there are underground pests, carbofuran should be used to disinfect the soil before soil preparation to kill underground pests.

2. Seed screening: loquat seeds have no dormancy period. Loquat kernels should be screened before sowing, and small and abnormal loquat seeds should be removed. Large and full loquat seeds can be sown after washing and drying.

3. Sowing method: the sowing time is from late May to early June. There are two sowing methods: sowing or strip sowing (generally using strip sowing). The row spacing of strip sowing is 20-25 cm and the plant spacing is 10-12 cm. Depending on the germination rate of seeds, 1-3 seeds are sown in each hole and pressed gently when sowing. Half of the seeds are pressed into the soil and sprinkled with a thin layer of fine ash soil to see the loquat seeds. If the sowing is too deep to be unearthed, it will also cause mildew and rot, and if it is too shallow, it will not take root. Immediately after sowing, water should be used to pour through the seedling bed and cover the soil surface with moisturizing materials such as rice straw or fresh pigpen grass, so as to keep the soil surface unhardened and conducive to seedling emergence.

Grafting time and method of loquat

1. Time: the grafting time of loquat trees is suitable for sunny days from February to April in spring and from September to November in autumn. Select the mother tree with high quality and high yield for more than three years, and cut the periphery or middle and upper part of the crown and lignified spring shoot as the grafting scion. First put it in clean water and wash the villi on the scion with a laundry brush. After drying the water, it can be cut and grafted. It is best to pick and use it now.

2. Methods:

1. Rootstock treatment. Two days before grafting, the rootstock was cut off at 15 / 20 cm, and 5 compound leaves or drained branches were retained, which could reduce the moisture of the rootstock, increase the nutrient concentration and healing hormone concentration of the rootstock, reduce the moisture in the membrane after ligation, and improve the survival rate. If the rootstock is left too short, it is not convenient for grafting, which affects the grafting speed and survival rate.

2. Grafting. Choose a sunny day. Take the straight side of the scion as the long cutting side, first cut it obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees with a knife on the back, and then flip and flat cut a knife with a length of 1.5 Mel 2 cm, which is just cut to the xylem. There are 2 buds left in each scion and cut at 0.3 cm above the bud. Select the smoother side of the rootstock, cut off a small piece obliquely with a knife, and then cut down between the phloem and xylem into a section similar to the length of the scion, so as to slightly cut off part of the xylem. Finally, the scion length cutting surface was aligned with the rootstock section cambium, mixed with red mud and dichlorvos and coated on the film to improve the survival rate.

Loquat fruit for several years

Loquat trees, regardless of male or female, generally take three years for self-sowing, transplanting, grafting and planting. After four years of fruit, grafted seedlings blossom and bear fruit more easily than real seedlings. If the seeds are planted, it will take a long time, at least 5 years, and grafted seedlings generally take more than 3 years to blossom and bear fruit.

Common insect pests and their control in loquat

1. Leopard bark moth: cut off the disease and insect branches in time, inject the wormhole with 80% dichlorvos 10-30 times, seal the soil, and poison the larvae in the branch. Light can also be used to trap and kill adults.

2. Longicorn beetles: the cotton ball is dipped in 10-30 times of dichlorvos EC or omethoate and stuffed into the wormhole. You can also use a syringe to inject medicine into the hole, seal the hole with soil and kill the larvae in the hole. It can also be used to hook or poke the larvae in the hole with wire.

When planting loquat, we must make the choice of seedling bed, and then sow seeds at the right time. If you want to celebrate the festival, there are generally two best times, spring and autumn, so you need to grasp it. If the pipa is planted well, it can bear fruit in three or four years.