What are the diseases of eggplant? what are the causes of eggplant death?

Eggplant is a very common vegetable in our life, which is not only delicious, but also rich in nutrients, so it is loved by many people. Many people who have grown eggplant themselves have also found that eggplant is vulnerable to diseases and insect pests during its growth. What are its diseases? Let's learn about it one by one.

What are the diseases of eggplant?

1. Sudden collapse disease

Eggplant quenching disease often occurs in eggplant seedling stage, when the stem discoloration necrosis, gradually shrinking, seedlings close to the ground, until the plant rot and death.

Control methods: planting and selecting varieties with good disease resistance, disinfecting seeds and soil before planting, selecting plots with sunny and good drainage, and spraying fungicides when the disease occurs.

2. Cotton blight

Cotton blight, also known as rotten eggplant, is the most common disease of eggplant, with a high incidence, especially in the plum rain season, when the disease is serious, a large number of fruit rot, seriously affecting the yield of eggplant.

Control methods: the same selection of varieties with strong disease resistance, disinfection of seeds and soil before sowing, pruning frequently in the growth stage, ensuring ventilation and light transmittance, reasonable fertilization to promote strong plant growth, combined with chemical treatment when the disease occurs.

3. Sclerotinia disease

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the common diseases of vegetables, which not only harms eggplant, but also harms many household vegetables. at the beginning of the disease, white cotton-like hyphae grow at the base of the stem at the beginning of the disease, and white cotton-like hyphae grow with the release time, and the stems and leaves die seriously, and finally the whole plant dies, affecting the yield. Control methods: the pathogen of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mainly comes from soil, and the sterilization treatment of soil is very strict. Carbendazim wettable powder can be used to spread the soil evenly on the planting area. Planting should pay attention to keep warm and strengthen ventilation, find diseased plants, pull out and burn them in time, and disinfect the soil of diseased plants so as not to infect other plants.

What is the reason for the death of eggplant

1. Fusarium wilt

At the initial stage of the disease, the top leaves of the plant seemed to wilt due to lack of water, and then the wilting became more and more serious. the lower leaves of the plant began to turn yellow, and then the leaf margin turned yellow, and finally the whole leaf turned yellow and withered. When the disease was serious, the leaves of the whole plant were withered and yellow, but the leaves did not fall off, and the vascular bundles were dark brown in the longitudinal section of the diseased stem.

2. Bacterial wilt

Most of the disease occurred in the flowering and fruiting period. at the initial stage of the disease, only one or several leaves on individual branches became lighter, showed local drooping, and then extended to the whole plant, which could be recovered sooner or later, and soon the plant withered. In the later stage, the diseased leaves turned brown and scorched, and the xylem turned brown at the base of the diseased stem.

3. Root nematode disease

Eggplant root nematode mainly harms eggplant root system, the damaged root system will grow nodule-like root knot of different shapes and sizes, the main root becomes less, and the whisker root increases. The root knot of these nodules makes it impossible for the root system to absorb water and fertilizer normally, and the development of the aboveground part is hindered. With the continuous concentration of the disease, eggplant will gradually die.

Control methods of eggplant Fusarium wilt

1. Disinfect seeds and seedbeds. Soak seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes before sowing, and disinfect the bed soil. Actively control underground pests to avoid root wounds.

2. Rotation with non-Solanaceae vegetables for more than 3 years, using red eggplant and Tolubam as rootstocks for grafting and seedling raising, timely and fine planting, proper watering, strengthening mid-tillage, and promoting root wound healing.

3. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used to irrigate the root, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, or 20% methyl richos EC 1000 times, or 5% carbendazim water agent 1000 times, each plant 200ml.

The planting method of eggplant

1. Seed selection

When selecting, we should adjust measures to local conditions, for example, if the annual average temperature is higher in some areas, we should choose varieties with good heat tolerance; on the contrary, if the annual average temperature is low, we need to choose cold-tolerant varieties, and so on, but in any case, the selected varieties must have good disease resistance.

2. Soil selection and soil preparation

Choose soil with loose soil, sufficient fertility and good drainage, preferably in areas with sufficient light, deep ploughing and exposure of the soil, with a height of more than 30 cm, double row planting of 1.7 meters and single row planting of 1 meter.

3. Sowing seeds

Eggplant can be sowed in spring and autumn, spring sowing in January-February, autumn sowing in July-August, of course, also affected by regional climate change sowing, generally 15-20 grams per mu of seed.

4. Fertilizer and water management

Eggplant also has higher requirements for water and fertilizer, so it is necessary to apply light fertilizer in the seedling stage, according to plant growth, but it is not suitable to apply thick fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the seedling root or cause the plant to grow excessively.

5. Field management

In order to reduce the nutrient consumption of the plant and make the plant blossom and bear more fruit, when the plant is removed at the budding stage, there are no budding lateral branches, and the plant should be supported with a support to prevent the plant from lying on the ground and avoid rotten fruit.

Eggplant still occupies an important position in our daily life, so no matter it is cultivated in a large area or in our own small yard, we should be prepared for the invasion of diseases and insect pests, so as not to seriously affect the yield of eggplant.