Cultivation techniques of Edible Fungi what are the Edible Fungi equipment

The main cultivation methods of edible fungi are raw material cultivation, fermentation material cultivation and clinker cultivation. Raw material cultivation: after mixing the culture material with water evenly, it is no longer sterilized or fermented and directly inoculated, and then mushroom is produced under suitable environmental conditions. Fermentation material cultivation: mix all kinds of raw materials well, build the pile according to certain specifications, pile up and ferment, turn the pile 3-5 times when the heap temperature reaches a certain requirement, then inoculate under natural conditions and produce mushrooms under suitable environmental conditions.

Edible mushrooms generally refer to edible fungi, which are very common in our lives. We are familiar with Lentinus edodes, white mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes and so on. This kind of fungal food has high nutritional value and is good for the human body after eating. However, most people have no idea about their planting methods. Let's learn about them together.

Cultivation methods of edible fungi

The main methods of cultivating edible fungi are raw material cultivation, fermentation material cultivation and clinker cultivation.

1. The so-called uncooked material cultivation means that the culture material is evenly mixed with water and then directly inoculated without sterilization or fermentation, and then the mushroom is produced under suitable environmental conditions. At present, only Pleurotus ostreatus, volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated with raw materials, and none of the other species can be cultivated with raw materials.

2. The cultivation of fermented materials is to mix all kinds of raw materials well, build the pile according to certain specifications, pile up and ferment, turn the pile after the heap temperature reaches a certain requirement, generally turn the pile for 3 to 5 times, and then inoculate under natural conditions and produce mushrooms under suitable environmental conditions. Any species that can be cultivated with raw materials can be cultivated with fermented materials. This method must be used in all kinds of mushrooms, such as Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus blazei (Agaricus blazei Murrill), straw mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coprinus comatus, etc.

3. Clinker cultivation means that the culture material is put into a container of a certain size, commonly used in plastic bags, and then sterilized under normal pressure or high pressure to kill all the organisms in the culture material. After cooling and inoculation by aseptic operation, mushrooms can be produced under suitable environmental conditions, such as Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, fungus, Tremella fuciformis, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on.

Cultivation techniques of Edible Fungi

The main results are as follows: 1. When the edible fungus germinates, it does not produce a typical bud tube, but expands 2-5 times as much as the original, the spores grow along the long axis, and vacuoles appear inside.

2. The temperature range of growth is 5-24 ℃, and the most suitable temperature is 24-27 ℃. However, due to the protective effect of wood, mushroom wood can survive safely in the cold mountain where the temperature is lower than-20 ℃ or in the low altitude area where the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, and the mycelium will not die. When the natural shade is insufficient, build a shade shed (2m high), or plant or plant melons to facilitate shade in the future.

3. To let the log dry is actually to adjust the water content of the log in order to facilitate the colonization and growth of mycelium after inoculation. The water content of different tree species is different, so the drying time is also different, often with no sprouting power after drying, or it is appropriate that the sap does not exudate during inoculation, and the water content at this time is about 40-45%.

4. After stuffing the cotton stopper, put the test tube in a small wire basket, cover it with oil paper or Kraft paper, tie it with a rope, or tie the test tube into several bundles with a rope, wrap the cotton stopper with Kraft paper, put it vertically into a high-pressure sterilizer and sterilize it for 30 minutes at a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm 2.

What are the edible mushroom equipment?

1. Refrigeration equipment

Refrigeration equipment is used to reduce the temperature of the culture room or out of the mushroom, in order to provide the most suitable temperature for the growth of edible fungi, especially some varieties of edible fungi that produce mushrooms at low temperature, such as Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii, etc., have higher requirements for refrigeration equipment, refrigeration equipment is divided into single unit and central air conditioning.

2. Heating equipment

Only edible mushroom factories in the north need edible fungus heating equipment. There are many heating methods for industrial production of edible fungi: air conditioning heating, radiator, geothermal, electric heating, etc., each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Radiator and geothermal are more energy-saving, but without air conditioning and electric heating, it is easy to control the temperature.

3. Humidification equipment

Humidifiers are needed in both the culture room and the mushroom room, in order to increase the air relative humidity of the mushroom room. Ultrasonic humidifier is commonly used in the industrial production of edible fungi, which has high efficiency and good atomization effect. Ultrasonic humidifier has high requirements for water quality.

4. Lighting equipment

Generally, only the mushroom room needs to be equipped with lighting equipment. The lighting equipment for factory production of edible mushrooms does not refer to ordinary workshop lighting, but refers to the increased lighting during the mushroom emergence period in order to meet the light demand of edible fungi. Generally, cold light sources are used, such as Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus eryngii led light bands.

How to increase the yield of Edible Fungi

1. Stir bacteria to promote buds. After the fungus is full of hyphae, gently sweep back and forth on the material surface with a clean bamboo broom to remove or destroy the overgrown old hyphae on the surface. After the new hyphae are exposed, spray water and cover the film to keep moist and keep warm in time, and buds can appear in about 7 days. This method can not only promote the production of mushrooms, but also increase the yield by about 10%.

2. Pressure stimulation. Covering the surface of edible fungus culture material with old newspapers, sack tablets and fine soil can promote the rapid growth of mycelium through pressure stimulation and heat preservation and moisturizing. By using this method, the yield can generally be increased by about 15%.

Reduce the contamination rate of edible fungi

1. Use liquid bacteria

The liquid strain overcomes the shortcomings of the solid strain, and the liquid strain can be cultivated directly as a cultivated species. The use of liquid bacteria not only has a low probability of infection by miscellaneous bacteria, and the pollution rate can be reduced to about 2%, but also from a long-term point of view, because its production does not use plastic bags, there is no pollution to the environment, which reduces the production cost of bacteria.

2. Inoculation begins at the bottom of the original seed bottle.

The bacteria in the lower part of the original bottle have short bacterial age, strong vitality, and few miscellaneous bacteria, the mycelium is fed quickly after inoculation, and the pollution rate is low, so the pollution rate can be reduced to about 3%. In order to further reduce the pollution rate of cultivated species, it is suggested to discard the original species of 1stroke 5 in the upper part of the bottle mouth of the normal original species, so as to prevent the cultivated species from being contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria invisible to the naked eye.

3. The time of receiving bacteria in high temperature season is advanced or delayed.

Receive bacteria during cooler periods from July to August, such as in the morning or evening. Of course, if the effect of inoculation is better in the room with air conditioners, the pollution rate can be reduced to less than 5%.

This is the end of the introduction on the cultivation techniques of edible fungi. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. All in all, the cultivation technology of edible fungi is not very difficult, if you have the opportunity, you can also try it by yourself. the methods introduced above can be used for your reference.