Mushroom cultivation techniques and precautions When mushroom comes out, spray water skills

Do many people like to eat Lentinus edodes, especially if they put it in chicken soup? the taste is delicious. The editor thinks that the saliva is going to stay, so some people want to say that if they grow mushrooms at home, they can eat fresh shiitake mushrooms every day. The editor can only say that the ideal is beautiful, and the reality is very bony. This requires related technology and equipment. Let's learn it together.

Planting techniques and matters needing attention of Lentinus edodes

I. planting techniques of Lentinus edodes

1. Temperature

Under humid conditions, the optimum temperature for spore germination is 22-26 °C, the temperature range for mycelial growth is 5-24 ℃, and the most suitable temperature is 24-27 ℃. However, due to the protective effect of wood, mushroom wood can survive safely in the cold mountain where the air temperature is lower than-20 ℃ or in the low altitude area where the temperature is higher than 40 ℃. Lentinus edodes is a kind of mushroom with low temperature and variable temperature. The primordium of Lentinus edodes differentiated at 8-21 ℃, and the differentiation was the best at 10-12 ℃. The fruiting body developed in the range of 5-24 ℃, and 8-16 ℃ was the most suitable. In the same variety, in the suitable range, the fruiting body developed slowly, the stipe was short, the flesh was thick and the quality was good at the lower temperature (10-12 ℃), while at the high temperature (more than 20 ℃), the fruiting body developed rapidly, the stalk was long, the flesh was thin, and the quality was poor. Under constant temperature, mushrooms do not form fruiting bodies.

2. Moisture

In sawdust medium, the optimum water content for mycelium growth is 60-70%; the suitable water content in mushroom wood is 32-40%. The survival rate of inoculation below 32% is not high, and the mycelium growth is very poor under the condition of 10% 15%. During the formation of the fruiting body, the water content of the mushroom wood is maintained at about 60%, and the air humidity is preferably 80-90%.

3. Air

Mushrooms are aerobic fungi, and enough fresh air is an important environmental condition to ensure the normal growth and development of mushrooms. The cultivation environment is too closed, and it is easy to form deformities.

4. Light

Lentinus edodes is a kind of phototrophic fungi, with appropriate intensity of diffuse light is the mushroom to complete the normal life cycle. However, mycelium growth does not require light. The results showed that blue light at the wavelength of 380-540nm could inhibit the growth of mycelium, but was the most favorable for the formation of primordia. The differentiation, growth and development of fruiting body of Lentinus edodes need light. Fruiting bodies cannot be formed without light. Studies have shown that the light intensity of 40-7-lx is more suitable. The primordium of Lentinus edodes has a tendency to grow in the dark, with small cover, long stalk, light color, thin meat and poor quality, which is not conducive to sales.

5. acidity and alkalinity

The pH of pH medium suitable for mushroom mycelium growth was 5-6. The development of primordium and fruiting body of Lentinus edodes was formed. In the process of wood decay, the pH value of mushroom wood decreased continuously, thus promoting the formation of solid body.

II. Matters needing attention in the cultivation of Lentinus edodes

1. To grow mushrooms, you must first choose a place with good ventilation and scattered light, and keep it clean and disinfected. For the first mushroom planting place, the measures of brushing the wall with lime water and sprinkling quicklime on the ground should be taken for disinfection, and the quicklime scattered on the ground should be cleaned the next day; the old mushroom farm can be fumigated with potassium permanganate and formalin; the mushroom farms with insect pests should be sprayed with insecticides to kill pests before disinfection. Air humidity is an important condition for the mushroom emergence period. Blindly increasing the amount of water sprayed in order to increase humidity, or even spraying water directly into the mushroom body, will suffocate some small mushrooms, and some growing mushrooms will also be affected by water stains.

2. During the budding period, attention should be paid to the method of hydration. In order to spray it into the air, we should also pay attention to ventilation to avoid excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of fruiting bodies or deformed mushrooms. In addition, unreasonable harvesting also affects the increase of yield. Some mushroom farmers want to keep the small mushroom body growing. As a result, they not only can not grow up, but also prolong the mushroom production period and affect the yield of the next crop mushroom. Be sure to close the selection of ingredients and ingredients. To clean raw materials, and do a good job of disinfection, do not add chemical fertilizers at will when proportioning, only when composting fermentation to plant Lentinus edodes, can add appropriate amount of urea to supplement nitrogen source. In the process of batching, special attention should be paid to the humidity of the culture material, and the moisture content should not be too high or too low, otherwise it will affect the growth.

The skill of spraying water when Lentinus edodes produces mushrooms

After controlling the humidity of the mushroom field, the relative humidity of the mushroom was maintained at about 85% in the initial stage. As a large number of mushroom buds differentiate into mushroom covers and stalks, the air relative humidity is reduced to about 80%. In the early stage of creating a suitable difference between dry and wet, the internal water content of the bacterial tube is sufficient, which can fully meet the needs of the first crop of mushroom fruiting body production, and there is no need to soak to promote mushrooms. After the first batch of mushrooms were harvested, stop spraying water, lift the film ventilation, let the surface of the fungus tube dry for 1-3 days, and then cover with film to increase the border temperature and promote mycelium growth. After 2-3 days, the mushroom holes left after harvest will whiten and grow hyphae. At this time, spray water to humidify, lift the film ventilation, increase the temperature, and promote the growth of the next batch of mushrooms.

Solving measures for low yield of Lentinus edodes cultivation

1. Improper selection of mushroom breeding site. If you choose to grow in a dark, poorly ventilated or unsanitary place, the bacterial contamination is so serious that Lentinus edodes can not grow normally and fail; some barely grow bacteria, but are poisoned due to poor air circulation and high carbon dioxide content during the mushroom emergence period. Can not produce mushrooms or form deformed mushrooms. Therefore, to grow Lentinus edodes, we should first choose places with good ventilation and good astigmatism to keep them clean and hygienic.

2. Improper selection or preparation of culture materials. Growing Lentinus edodes with contaminated raw materials may lead to large-scale pollution or no bacterial contamination. In the preparation of culture materials, excessive addition of urea and other nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is easy to decompose and release ammonia after inoculation, so that the mycelium is poisoned and can not be infected normally.

3. Improper selection of bacteria. For example, if the high temperature type is used in winter, the low temperature type is used in spring, or the bacteria that have been aged or contaminated are sown, it is easy to cause the bacteria to grow slowly or not, and to produce mushrooms late or not. Therefore, when growing Lentinus edodes, suitable strains should be selected according to the local climatic conditions at that time, and aging or polluting strains should not be used.

4. Poor management. Under the condition of natural temperature, the management of mushrooms is mildly ventilated. During the period of mushroom production, scattered light can meet the needs. The light of planting mushrooms in the mushroom room is insufficient, and the mushroom production is slow. It can be supplemented by electric lighting to induce mushroom production. Air humidity is an important condition for the mushroom emergence period. Blindly increasing the amount of water sprayed in order to increase humidity, or even spraying water directly on the mushroom body, will suffocate some small mushrooms, and some grown mushrooms will fester and blacken because of water stains. Therefore, during the period of mushroom emergence, we should pay attention to the method of replenishing water, it is better to spray into the air, and we should also pay attention to ventilation so as not to accumulate too much carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of fruiting bodies or deformed mushrooms.

Mushrooms like Lentinus edodes like cool and ventilated places, so we can't let it stay in the sun all the time. It will certainly dry out. Moreover, spraying water when Lentinus edodes produce mushrooms is actually skillful. Not everyone can let it spray water. I don't know if you have learned from the above introduction.