Planting method of navel orange

The slightly acidic soil with sunny, good drainage, deep soil layer and rich organic matter was selected, navel orange was grafted with dwarf rootstock, and equal-height terraces were built in the mountainous area. the planting density was controlled at about 55 plants per mu and the plant-row spacing was controlled at 3-4 M. in the process of planting, we should expand holes and bury fertilizers, cut roots and interplant green manure to improve the soil, trim and shape the plants in time, and fertilize and water regularly. Timely twist, pull branches, circle branches and bagging, do a good job in pest prevention.

1. Choose the garden.

It is best to plant in the areas with sunny, no pollution, slope below 25 °, elevation of 250-400m, good drainage performance, deep and moist soil, high content of organic matter and slightly acidic soil.

It is best to select dwarfing rootstocks, grafting dwarf navel orange varieties, early fruiting time, at present, mostly choose the big leaf floret strain of Fructus Aurantii as dwarfing rootstocks.

2. Ground preparation and burrow digging

Build a terrace according to the contour line, dig a hole with a width of 1m and a depth of 0.8-1m, the width of the terrace is controlled at about 2.5-3m, the planting density is controlled at about 55 plants / mu, and the plant spacing is controlled at 3 × 4m.

3. Improve the soil and cut off the roots

Within 2-3 years after planting, the east, west, south and north sides of the navel orange plant should be deeply dug and expanded to improve the soil. Root cutting can control the root growth too exuberant and increase the fruiting time and yield of navel orange to a certain extent.

4. Improve the soil quality

The permeability of the mountain soil of red soil is poor, and it is sticky and sour, and the content of organic matter is relatively low. We can interplant green manure in the orchard, expand holes deeply, and apply organic fertilizer at the same time to improve the soil in the orchard.

After 3 years of planting, hole expansion and map modification can be carried out every year, which can mainly spread rotten pig and sheep manure, compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, quicklime, weeds or green manure, etc., and pay attention to mixing evenly, adopting layered deep application, rotating acupoints every year, and improving soil year by year.

5. Pruning and shaping

Generally speaking, navel oranges have the ability to bear fruit only after the number of 6-7 branches. After planting, navel oranges should undergo dwarf shaping to avoid excessive growth of the crown, increase the number of branches of the crown, make the fruiting time earlier, control the average dry height to less than 15cm, 20% of the plants produce main branches from the base, and when they grow slightly to 15-20cm in spring, summer and autumn every year, they should be short and slightly plucked to promote lateral branches. Increase the number of branches of the plant.

6. Fertilizer and water

Fertilizer should be applied about 6 times a year, generally in spring, sprouting fertilizer, flower fertilizer and fruit fertilizer are applied to plants, strong fruit fertilizer is applied in summer, pre-harvest fertilizer is applied in autumn, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied in winter. fertilization should be carried out in accordance with the principle of "multiple application, two times heavy, four times light", the combination of chemical fertilizer and farm fertilizer, deep application and the whole garden at the same time, mainly applying organic fertilizer, so fertilization can improve the water storage capacity of the soil. Keep it moist and reduce the cracking rate of the fruit.

7. Twist, pull and circle branches in time

Twisting, pulling and encircling branches on navel orange plants in time is beneficial for fruit trees to absorb and accumulate nutrients, promote flower bud differentiation and advance fruiting time.

While hanging the upright branches and opening angle of the navel orange planted in Qugen, in the first and middle October of each year, after the autumn is slightly wooded, twist the long and strong autumn a little in time, hold the base of the autumn slightly with the left and right, and the right hand will slightly twist 180 degrees. Slightly hurt the wooden part, can also make the long and strong autumn slightly circle or flatten each other, can slow down the growth of autumn slightly, so that the nutrients produced by photosynthesis in the upper part of autumn accumulate at least in a short time. It is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, increase flower quantity, improve flower quality and fruit setting rate.

8. Navel orange bagging

Bagging navel orange can effectively prevent navel yellow cracking fruit, sunburn fruit and reticulated fruit, but also avoid direct contact with pesticides, reduce pesticide residues on fruit, and improve fruit quality and sales price to a certain extent.

Generally, navel orange bagging will choose a single layer, white translucent navel orange special paper bag with a specification of about 19 × 15 cm. Bagging can be carried out after the second physiological fruit drop, and bagging can be carried out when picking fruit.

9. Pest prevention

In the process of planting, it is necessary to prevent navel orange from being harmed by canker, red spider, leaf miner, fruit-sucking armyworm, scale, etc., spray relevant drugs in time and do a good job of prevention in advance.