Fig planting method

Fig can be planted by cutting planting, split planting and striping planting, etc. At present, growers mostly adopt cutting planting, and in the middle of March every year, excellent ungerminated branches are cut into about 30-50cm branches, which are obliquely inserted into the soil to allow them to grow and develop, prune and shape the plants in time in the planting process, and do a good job in daily management.

I. Propagation methods of figs

At present, the cultivation of figs, mainly choose cutting, ramet, striping and other propagation methods, cutting propagation is the most used.

1. Cuttage propagation

In the middle and last ten days of March every year, the sturdy branches of 1-3 years old without sprouting, short internodes and 1-1.5cm in diameter were selected on the fine mother plant, the cuttings were cut to grow about 30-50cm, trenched according to the row spacing of 50cm, the cuttings were obliquely inserted into the soil of 2x3, the rest of them were exposed outside the soil, and then the soil was compacted, and then watered to keep the soil moist.

When cutting in summer, you can choose semi-lignified green wood cuttings, which will take root after a month or so, can be transplanted after a year of cultivation, and can be stored in wet sand for about 30 days, and then cut after the cuttings form callus.

2. Ramet propagation

Split planting is carried out from February to March of each year, and the holes are planted according to the row spacing of 3-4m × 3-4m. Pruning should be carried out before planting, and the dense branches or dead branches on the plant should be removed. It is best to plant before the sap flows.

II. Colonization

Figs can be potted or cultivated in fields, barren slopes or courtyards. If they are planted in courtyards, pastorals or barren slopes, the density should be increased appropriately, using 1 × 2m, planting a single pit depth of about 50-70cm, and a diameter of 40-60cm. Fill the pit with human and animal manure, poultry manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, or chemical compound fertilizer as base fertilizer.

It is best to plant in North China before and after the Qingming Festival, in the northeast before and after Grain Rain, and in the south after falling leaves in autumn, but to avoid the flowering and fruiting period.

Third, shaping and pruning

In the process of planting, the natural happy pruning of the main branch is generally adopted to prune the plant, and the whole plant should retain 3-5 main branches and no lateral branches, so that the main branch group is directly planted on the main branch.

During the period of young trees, emphasis should be placed on cultivating the main branches, raising the angle of the main branches to make them multiple branches and promoting the rapid expansion of the crown; after entering the initial fruit stage, it is necessary to cultivate more branch groups to increase the yield to a certain extent; cultivate backbone branches in the full fruit period, renew the large and medium-sized branch groups, and cut the weak branches short. If the plant is senescent or the diseases and insect pests are serious, the main branches and branches can be re-cultured on the base of the plant or on the sprouting branches or hidden buds on the branches.

The picking of figs is usually carried out in the morning or evening on a sunny day from July to November. there will be a small hole at the top of the ripe fruit, which can be picked when the color of the inherent variety appears on the peel. overripe fig fruit is not resistant to transportation and storage after picking.

IV. Daily management

After the plant survived, the soil was loosened and weeded in time, and human feces and urine or ammonium sulfate were applied once in June and July respectively. After planting, the crown should be cultivated into a non-layered tree shape or a natural happy tree shape with multiple main branches. generally, you can choose to fix the trunk at the high 50cm of the trunk, retain 5-7 main branches on the plant, and appropriately select side branches to fill the void.

After the trunk is set, it is necessary to prune regularly every day, remove the dense branches, disease and insect branches and dead branches from the plant, and pay attention to light pruning when pruning. If you mainly harvest autumn fruit, you can intercept 2-3 buds on the fruiting branch, and if you mainly harvest summer fruit, it is best not to cut short.

During the growing period of young fig trees, regular fertilization should be applied, usually about 5 kg of rotten miscellaneous fertilizer per plant away from the main root 40cm. If potted figs are planted, at least 1 kg of fertilizer should be applied. For mature plants, about 15 kg of mature farm manure should be applied as base fertilizer before and after defoliation, and topdressing is best in the period of new growth and rapid expansion of fruit.

Figs are more tolerant to fertilizer, and it is necessary to pay more attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when fertilizing. in general, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be controlled at 0.5. 1.

Figs are tolerant to drought but not resistant to waterlogging, and there is a greater demand for water in the period of new growth and fruit expansion, but if planted in areas with long-term waterlogging or serious stagnant water, it is easy to fall flowers, fruits, leaves and even death. it is necessary to do a good job of drainage facilities in the garden, potted figs should also pay attention to drainage, especially in rainy season, potted figs should be protected from rain and pour pots to control water. To make sure figs grow properly.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The unique smell of fig fruit during the growing period will cause harm to mulberry cattle. When the fruit is ripe, it is vulnerable to bird damage. In addition to artificially catching and driving mulberry cattle and birds, you can also use artificial or medicine to destroy insect eggs. Plastic ribbons tied by scarecrows are inserted into the fields to drive away birds.