Longan planting climate

Longan likes to grow in a warm and humid environment, and is suitable for planting in subtropical, warm and climate areas without severe frost, temperature has a certain effect on the growth, development, flowering and fruiting of longan, and the area with an annual average temperature of 20-22 ℃ is the most suitable for planting longan.

Longan has higher requirements for growth environment, and longan is generally suitable for planting longan only in subtropical and mild climate without severe frost. Longan fruit is called Lingnan good fruit because of its environmental requirements. Longan fruit can be eaten directly or used as medicine, and there is a large market demand.

1. Characteristics and characteristics of longan.

Longan trees are evergreen trees with even-pinnately compound leaves, opposite or alternate leaflets, terminal or axillary panicles, globose fruits and glossy black seeds.

Their flowering period is from March to April, and the fruiting period is from July to August. They like to grow in a warm environment. The annual average temperature of 20-22 ℃ is suitable for their growth and development. In the areas where the annual average temperature is lower than 17.5-18 ℃, the coldest monthly average temperature is lower than 10 ℃, and the absolute low temperature is lower than minus 5 ℃, it is difficult to survive planting longan, and they have certain drought resistance. The area with annual precipitation of 1000-1600 mm is the most suitable for planting longan, and the requirement for soil is not very high.

2. Temperature requirement

Temperature directly affects the growth and development, flowering and fruiting and geographical distribution of longan. Longan is suitable to be planted in areas with an annual average temperature of more than 20 ℃. Planting longan at this temperature can achieve better economic benefits.

The annual average temperature in Yibin area of Sichuan Province in China is only 18.4 ℃, but there is no continuous frost in winter and the frost-free period is long, and the absolute low temperature is above minus 1 ℃. It is also an economic cultivation area for planting longan.

If the temperature drops to 0 ℃, longan seedlings are vulnerable to frostbite. When the temperature drops to minus 0.5 ℃-minus 4 ℃, longan trees will suffer frostbite to varying degrees. The specific degree of frostbite is related to the geographical environment. The degree of frost injury on hillside trees is lower than that of trees planted in flat land and lowland, and that of trees in the south and southwest is lower than that in the north and northeast. Trees with sufficient water supply near the planting site suffer less damage than trees with insufficient water supply, and young trees suffer more seriously than adult trees. Trees with strong trees and dense crowns suffer less damage, and even those who suffer frost damage recover more quickly.

In early spring, longan needs a low temperature of 8-14 ℃ for a period of time to promote flower bud differentiation. If it exceeds this temperature range, the higher the temperature is, the longer the time of flower bud differentiation will be, and the more likely longan trees will appear.

Longan needs 18-27 ℃ when it blossoms. When the temperature is 25-32 ℃, the branches of longan will grow faster, the sugar content in the fruit will be higher, and the quality will be better.

3. Moisture requirement

Longan has a certain ability to resist drought. they like a warm and humid environment, but they are afraid of being harmed by waterlogging. In their different growth and development, the demand for water is also different. The demand for water is less from a little older in November to April of the following year, so as to avoid winter, accumulate more nutrients in branches and leaves, and promote flower bud differentiation, spike heading, flowering and fruit setting. There is a large water demand in other growth stages, especially from July to August, if the lack of water will affect the growth and development of roots and branches, and have a certain effect on the yield and quality of fruit, if the lack of water in the later stage of fruit development will lead to fruit cracking and fruit drop.

Longan has a strong ability to resist drought, and the flooding of the orchard in the short term will not affect the longan tree, but if there is stagnant water in the orchard for a long time or the groundwater level is too high, the root system of longan will be suffocated and the tree will decline.

4. Soil requirements

Longan has lower requirements for soil, and it can also grow in barren, dry and acidic hilly red soil. The hilly red soil has deep soil layer, good drainage and air permeability and sufficient light. If the soil is deeply turned over and more organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, longan can grow better and increase its yield.

To plant longan on the slope, it is best to build a garden in the southeast, south and southwest to avoid wind and cold damage, and at the same time do a good job in soil and water conservation to promote the growth and development of longan.

5. Garden site selection

To select the slightly acidic soil with loose and deep soil layer, moist soil and rich organic matter, the best PH value is between 5.5 and 6.5. According to the growth characteristics of longan, the orchard requires sufficient light, but the fruit should be shaded properly, and the crown of longan tree is large. measures should be taken to prevent wind and freezing damage during the construction of the garden.