Planting environment of dragon fruit

The neutral soil or weak acid soil with more humus content and strong water and fertilizer retention ability should be selected. Pitaya can grow at low temperature from 0℃ to 40℃ due to its strong adaptability to the environment, but the temperature from 25℃ to 35 ℃ is the most suitable for pitaya growth and development. Sufficient sunlight can promote the growth speed of pitaya. If it is planted in the open field, it should be watered more in spring and summer, and drained timely in rainy days to promote the growth and development of pitaya.

Pitaya fruit is rich in anthocyanins, which has the functions of anti-oxygen flower, anti-aging and anti-free radical. It can also inhibit brain cell degeneration to a certain extent and prevent dementia.

I. Cultivation environment of pitaya

1, propagation time: if you choose cuttage, it is best to carry out in spring; if you choose grafting, it is best to carry out in March-October.

2. Soil requirements: Pitaya has strong adaptability to soil, but it is best to choose neutral soil or weak acid soil containing more humus and keeping water and fertilizer for planting.

3. Humidity requirements: pitaya likes to survive in warm and humid areas. Pitaya planted in open field should be watered more in spring and summer to keep their roots growing vigorously. In rainy weather, the park should be drained in time to avoid putrefaction caused by bacteria breeding in accumulated water.

4, temperature requirements: pitaya belongs to tropical fruit, in 0℃ low temperature and 40℃ high temperature can grow, but 25-35℃ temperature is the most suitable pitaya growth and development.

5, light requirements: pitaya like plenty of sunshine, if the light is sufficient, their growth rate will be very rapid.

Second, the precautions for planting pitaya

1. Apply fertilizer

Pitaya is similar to other cacti plants, with less growth. When planting pitaya, fertilization should be carried out according to the principle of small amount and many times. The fruit harvest period of pitaya is longer. In the planting process, organic fertilizer should be heavily applied every year, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be evenly applied for a long time. If pig manure, chicken manure and other fertilizers with high nitrogen content are completely used in the planting process, the branches of the plant will be thick, the color will be dark green and the texture will be brittle, and it will be easy to break in strong wind. The fruit is large and heavy, but of poor quality, low in sugar, and some even sour or salty.

In the flowering and fruiting period of pitaya, in order to promote the accumulation of sugar in the fruit and improve the quality of the fruit, potassium and magnesium fertilizer should be added; in the fruiting period, the soil should be kept moist, and the tree tray should be covered with grass or mushroom residue; water should be irrigated once every 3-4 days in drought.

1-2 The annual saplings are mainly sprinkled with nitrogen fertilizer, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled to promote the growth of trees. The mature trees over 3 years old are mainly sprinkled with phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.

The best season for fertilization is spring shoot germination and fruit expansion period. Generally, after the dry cake residue, chicken manure and pig manure are mixed according to the ratio of 1:2:7, they are applied again. About 25kg organic fertilizer should be applied to each plant every year; 1.2 kg cow manure compost and 200g compound fertilizer can also be applied to each pitaya plant in July, October and March of the next year.

The roots of pitaya are mostly distributed in the topsoil, so it is best to apply fertilizer when applying fertilizer, and avoid deep ditch application to avoid damage to the roots of pitaya. After each batch of young fruit is formed, 0.3{bf} magnesium sulfate, 0.2{bf} borax and 0.3{bf} potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed outside the roots of plants to improve the quality of fruits.

2. Watering precautions

In warm, humid and sunny places, pitaya growth will be better, seedling growth period should ensure that all soil moisture, spring and summer watering times should be increased, so that root growth to maintain a vigorous state; fruit expansion period to keep the soil moist, promote fruit growth.

When irrigating orchards, do not immerse them for a long time, nor do you often drench them. Dip irrigation will make the root system in a long-term state of hypoxia, resulting in root death, watering will lead to uneven humidity, easy to induce erythema, in rainy weather to timely drainage of the orchard, so as to avoid accumulation of water in the orchard, breeding bacteria caused by stem meat rot, winter to control the garden water, increase the ability of branches to resist cold.

3, pruning precautions

After harvesting pitaya fruits every year, the fruiting branches on the plants should be pruned off, so that they can re-issue new branches to ensure the yield of the next year.

4, breeding points

At present, pitaya planting mainly adopts cuttage and grafting methods to propagate.

Cuttings: best done in spring, select the best growing stem nodes, cut them into small pieces of 375px, and insert them into the sand bed after the wound is air-dried or directly under the support frame and on the side of the concrete column. After cuttage to maintain the dryness of the soil, you can not water first, after 10 days and then watering, generally 15-30 days can take root, wait for the roots to grow to 3-100Px after they can be transplanted to the seedbed for cultivation.

Grafting surface: selecting a 'measuring ruler' which grows well, has full stem flesh and is free from diseases and insect pests as a rootstock, performing grafting on a sunny day, firstly cutting the stem plane of pitaya, inserting scion, aligning with cambium, and then binding and fixing the scion firmly with cotton thread; generally, under the environment of 28-30 DEG C, about 4-5 days, a large number of callus tissues will be formed on the joint surface of the wound; if the color of the scion is similar to that of the rootstock, it indicates that the vascular bundle of the scion has healed and the grafting is successful; They can then be transferred to seedling beds for further cultivation.

5, pest control

Erythema: If the fruit trees with serious diseases are sprayed with 0.3-0.5{bf} ferrous sulfate solution or 0.5 jin copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and 1.25 jin quicklime mixed with 160 jin water before they germinate, the disease can be controlled; 0.05-0.1{bf} ferrous sulfate solution or 0.05-0.1 {bf} ferric citrate solution can also be injected into the trunk, and the effect is better; Chelated iron can also be applied to the soil to improve soil condition, or 0.1-0.2{bf} of integrated iron solution sprayed on the leaves to restore green leaves. However, the dosage of drugs should be controlled when soil application or foliar spraying is carried out, so as to avoid excessive use and cause phytotoxicity.

Putrefaction: usually caused by insect bite, or by prolonged rain after mechanical injury. It can be used to cut off the affected part, or cut and drain the festering tissue part on sunny days and high temperatures, and let the wound naturally dry or apply appropriate amount of phosphorus powder for prevention and control.

The humidity of general facilities cultivation is relatively large, which is easy to cause the plant to suffer from bituminous coal disease. In the planting process, ventilation should be strengthened, and the affected part should be washed with clean water. The climate in the greenhouse in winter is dry, and the plant is easy to suffer from red spider. Therefore, the humidity in the greenhouse should be kept appropriate. The density of nymph mouth is relatively large, and omethoate can be used for prevention and control after dilution.