The planting methods of olive trees are mainly grafting propagation and seed propagation.

Grafting propagation: small seedlings were grafted at the end of 2-3 months, adult trees were grafted in April-5 months, scions were cut off when spring shoots sprouted, suitable methods were selected for grafting, film was removed in time, and buds were wiped. Seed propagation: after the seeds are ripe, the seeds are stratified with clean river sand, sowed in warm water for 5-6 hours, sowed in warm water for 5-6 hours, choose the appropriate density to sow the seeds according to the use, apply fertilizer at the right time, and put them into a nutrition bag when the seedlings have two leaves and one heart. do a good job of watering, fertilization and weeding.

The common olive tree planting methods are grafting propagation and seed reproduction, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's take a look at it.

I. Graft propagation

1. Grafting time

Grafted olive seedlings are generally carried out at the end of February-March, when the air temperature is more than 15-16 ℃, and it is better when the sap begins to flow. The root system of adult trees is deeper, the soil temperature rises relatively slowly, and the grafting time can be postponed to April-May.

2. Scion treatment

When the spring shoot is sprouting, on the fine and high-yielding adult tree, the autumn ear strips with short internodes, full bud eyes and the same thickness as the rootstock are selected and cut off outside the crown, then the leaves on the scion are immediately cut off and wrapped with wet cloth, and covered with plastic bags to prevent the ear strips from losing water.

3. Grafting method

Select the scion with 2-5 bud holes, and the seedlings are generally carried out by tongue grafting and cutting. In order to reduce the oxidation and bleeding of wound tannins, the grafting speed should be faster, and the cambium of rootstock and scion should be aligned and tight, sealed and bandaged, and the bud eye should be tightened in a single layer; adult trees generally adopt the way of embedding and cutting, and part of the crown should be left as water branches when grafting to ensure the normal growth of the tree.

4. Remove the film and wipe the bud.

Olive tree wound healing ability is slow, if the grafting is the use of degradable film, generally do not need to remove the film, if the ligature is relatively tight, it needs to be removed, generally in the interface after the tissue is completely healed and firm, to ensure the smooth growth of ear buds; rootstocks are easy to sprout adventitious buds, it should be erased in time, so as not to affect the growth of ear strips.

II. Seed propagation

1. Seed treatment

The fruits reserved as seeds should be fully mature and can be harvested from late October to November when the seed shell turns pale to red carbon.

Pour the collected olive fresh fruit and salt into a jar according to the proportion of 10:1, step on the meat core with your foot to separate, then soak the core in clean water for 7-8 hours, remove it and gently knock it out with a wooden hammer.

2. Stratified sand reservoir

According to the ratio of planting and river sand at 1:3, 4-5 layers of seeds are piled up alternately in one layer of river sand and placed in a cool and sheltered room to complete the post-ripening stage. during the stratification period, attention should be paid to inspection, temperature and humidity should be well controlled to prevent seeds from mildew and over-drying.

3. Sowing method

Sow the seeds in February-March of the following year. Soak the seeds in warm water for 5-6 hours before sowing to facilitate neat germination.

If the plant is to be grafted and propagated in the garden nursery bed, the row spacing should be controlled at 12 × 15 cm;. If it is used to sell seedlings or transplant seedlings, the sowing density can be appropriately dense. Generally, the sowing density is 300-400 grains / grain. After the planting is evenly sown, the planting is pressed into the soil with a plank, which is covered with 2-3cm fine soil and then covered with straw to keep moisture and heat preservation.

4. Seedling cultivation

Generally sowing 40-50 days, the seedlings will be unearthed, at this time to frequently apply mature human and animal dung in the garden to keep the seedbed temperature and humidity appropriate.

5. Seedling transplanting

Select the nutrition bag with long 25cm and wide 15cm, apply enough soil base fertilizer at the bottom of the bag, and transfer it into the nutrition bag when the seedling has 2 leaves and 1 heart. The long main root can be bent and planted shallowly, generally 8-10 bags in a row, every two rows in a small row, with an interval of 10-15cm, put it into a border, and cultivate crushed soil in the middle and around to prevent soil loss during watering and avoid the sun aging of plastic bags.

6. Seedling management

Sprinkle a layer of peanut shell powder and sawdust on the bag seedlings to moisturize, keep warm, reduce weeds, and promote the survival of the seedlings. When the summer temperature is high, build a shading shed for the seedlings to weed and loosen the soil in time.