The planting conditions of Radix Astragali require fertile soil and good drainage.

Astragalus membranaceus is a kind of deep-root plant which likes wet and cold and strong drought resistance, because its seed coat is hard to break and its water absorption is poor, which leads to low germination rate, so it is only suitable for planting in fertile and well-drained sandy soil. can not be planted in heavy saline-alkali land, waterlogging depression, clay and other places, not suitable for successive crops, nor with potato, flax and other rotation.

Planting conditions of Radix Astragali

Astragalus membranaceus is a deep-rooted crop, which likes cool and drought tolerance. Generally grow in humus fertile land, you can also choose to plant in medium to slightly acidic sandy loam with strong water absorption, good drainage, loose soil and dry direct sunlight. The viscous weight of the soil will affect the root growth rate slowly and seriously and even lead to deformities. The thin root branches in the soil layer are complex and multi-branched, showing a "chicken claw shape". Flat or sunny slopes can also be planted.

Astragalus membranaceus is suitable for planting in the provinces of Northeast, Northwest and North China. The first few crops are suitable for planting gramineous crops first, and must not be connected to crops, nor can they be rotated with potatoes, flax and so on. It is not suitable to plant in heavy saline-alkali land, waterlogged land, clay and other places, planting and sowing does not blossom in the first year, but only blossoms and produces seeds in the second year.

Cultivation techniques of Radix Astragali

1. Land selection for planting: it is suitable to be planted in mountains and rivers with high altitude and alpine and shady wetlands.

2. Select stubble: do not repeat crops, especially continuous cropping with potatoes, flax and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, avoid rotation with legume crops.

3. Fertilization and soil preparation: try to select medium-alkaline sandy loam or cotton sandy soil with relatively high topography, loose soil layer and good drainage and irrigation conditions. When ploughing and ploughing the soil, it is necessary to put sufficient humus on stems, leaves and culms, barnyard manure above 5000kg, cake fertilizer 50kg (little or no pesticides and chemical fertilizers are used in accordance with GAP standards, areas without pollution sources should be selected in the area of land scale), the soil should be leveled and raked fine, and the soil prone to waterlogging should be covered with plastic film.

4. Seed treatment: there is a layer of pectin on the outer epidermis of the seed, and the hard seed coat leads to poor water absorption and low emergence rate. Sowing treatment can be selected by one of the following methods according to specific conditions.

(1) accelerating germination with boiling water: the seeds are stirred in boiling water for 1-2 minutes, then put in ice water to reduce the temperature to 50 degrees, then soak in the most water for about two hours, and pour dry water. When the seeds are simmered in a sack for 12 hours, the seeds can be sown when they expand or break.

(2) sulfuric acid treatment: the slightly late-maturing and hard seeds were soaked in sulfuric acid with a concentration of 70mur80 for about 4 minutes and rinsed for about 30 minutes.

(3) Fine sand abrasion: put fine sand to scratch the seed coat and absorb water so as to improve the seed germination rate. After treatment, soak in warm water of about 30-50 degrees for 3 to 4 hours, and sow seeds after bubbling.

5. Planting mode

The main results are as follows: (1) planting and sowing method: the new species are treated artificially, and the temperature rises from the end of March to the beginning of April. Spring sowing begins after the land is thawed completely, and it can also be sowed in winter before freezing. Seeds that need to be sown in winter need not be treated. Evenly according to the row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 12cm, sowing the soil covered with 2cm thick, slightly pressing, the seed amount per mu 3kg.

(2) Seedling transplanting: seedling transplanting can reduce the problems of low yield, poor quality and difficulty of raising seedlings to a great extent. In spring and summer, after the seed treatment is completed, it is evenly scattered in the field according to the amount of seeds used in 7kg/ mu, then covered with 2cm thick soil, and finally covered with a layer of fine sand. Watering more during drought, the seedlings can grow in about 30 days, during which the seedlings should be separated by row and plant distance of about 7 cm, weeding twice and paying attention to insect control.

Dig out in the first and middle October of that year, bury the soil to keep warm, or dig the seedlings and transplant them to the field before sprouting in the second year; transplant the ditches away from 20cm, place the seedlings obliquely flat from 10cm, keep the seedlings upright from the ground, and flatten them with a hoe and press them slightly.

6. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) fixed seedlings: when the seedlings grow to about 3cm, the seedlings with high 10cm are fixed by 12cm. Weeding and loosening the soil can only be watered when it is especially dry.

(2) topdressing fertilizer: Radix Astragali likes fertile land and needs topdressing many times on the basis of fertilization. For the first time, green manure was applied after seedling growth; ring fertilizer was applied after weeding in the second time; high quality farm manure 2000kg/ mu was applied after the third winter withered seedling, and a ditch was opened between rows of cake fertilizer 150kg/ mu, which was evenly mixed for fertilization and soil cultivation.

(3) Irrigation and drainage: keep the ground dry after fixing the seedlings, do not water. Lying on the ground and basking in the sun is beneficial to the growth of roots. If the climate is dry, it can be watered properly. Pay attention to the prevention of waterlogging and rotting in the rainy season.

(4) Disease and pest control: diseases and insect disasters were found during the growing period, and the plants were drip irrigated with 1000 times of solid trichlorfon, 1000 times of dimethoate EC was used to spray aphids, and then sprayed in the green fruit stage could also control astragalus seed wasps. 1500-2000 times solution of malathion was used in the initial larval stage of bean pod borer, powdery mildew could be sprayed with stone-sulfur mixture with Baume degree of 0.1-0.3 degrees, or 70-100g/ per mu triadimefon.

7. Select and retain improved varieties

To harvest Astragalus membranaceus, priority should be given to the weak and short rhizomes above the ground, so that the underground parts will be long and fat, and the roots that do not blossom in that year will be reserved for planting next year. The secondary root of the rhizome near the ground was cut off and planted in the field with sufficient fertilizer according to the distance of row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 26cm and trenching depth 20cm. The bud head is upward, the seed root is placed vertically and horizontally in the dug ditch, and the root is filled with 3cm from the ground and pressed slightly. It blossoms and bears fruit from July to September and is picked when it is ripe and brown. Dry and peel the seeds in a sack and store them in a dry and ventilated place.

8. Harvest and processing

As long as the management method is appropriate, Astragalus can be harvested in the year when it is sown in winter or transplanted in spring, or it can be harvested three years later. In general, in early January, when the stems and leaves wither, all the stems and leaves on the ground should be cut off, a deep trench of 65cm or so should be opened in the depression, the roots will be plucked from the soil, the Reed heads will be cut off, and the excess lateral roots and whisker roots will be cut off when the sun is 70 or 80% dry, and then tied into small handfuls with straw ropes, and then fully dried, and then can be sold. The export of perennial fresh goods should be peeled. Just dry it in the sun.