Key points and matters needing attention in cultivation and management of chrysanthemum

Winter seedling raising: the first batch of buds were selected with foot buds in late September. Spring seed: choose good quality ordinary culture soil, do not add fertilizer, one-time watering, basin soil semi-dry and semi-wet. Xia Ding: due to the different flowering period and growth of the variety, it is necessary to pick the heart by stages to prevent the willow leaf head and capping phenomenon. Autumn maintenance: strengthen maintenance and management to promote the growth of roots, stems, leaves and flowers.

First, winter preservation (also known as seedling raising)

The first batch of buds were selected with foot buds in late September. Long 2.5cm above ground, total length 5cm, with or without roots. About 8 plants were planted in a pot with a diameter of 22cm, while 5 plants with less than 22cm could be planted, and then marked.

The following problems should be paid attention to when saving in winter:

1. Soil: the soil that has raised flowers before will not be too fat, so the seedlings and chrysanthemums should not grow too vigorously.

2. Water: water should be thoroughly watered thoroughly after cuttings, see dry and wet, and drain after survival.

3. Light: it takes about 10 days for the cuttings to be illuminated, and it is easy to get sick if you see the light too early.

4. Temperature: the most suitable temperature for cuttings is about 5-10 degrees, which can ensure that the plants are not long.

5. In order to prevent the cuttings from wilting, the foot buds should be soaked in cold boiled water before planting.

Second, spring seed

Around May 1, the seedlings that survived the cuttings were placed in an outdoor ventilated and sunny place for about a week. The seedlings were divided into a basin with a diameter of 22cm, and good quality common culture soil was selected. About 1/2 of the pot, do not add fertilizer, with protective soil, cut off the excess roots must retain 3-4cm. Pour water thoroughly at one time, and drain the water later to prevent excessive growth, and the basin soil is half-dry and half-wet.

Third, Xia Ding

Xia Ding can better renew the plant, and it is necessary to pick the heart by stages because of the different florescence and growth of the variety. Heart picking by stages is used to control the florescence and height of chrysanthemum, which can effectively prevent the phenomenon of "willow leaf head" and "capping". In order to make chrysanthemum seedlings grow new buds and develop new buds, there are three situations:

1. Varieties with poor growth, short trees or late flowering, such as Quanxiang Chongtian, will probably pick their hearts in late May.

2. General varieties and mid-flowering varieties should be heart-picked at the beginning of June.

3. Varieties with very good growth, tall trees or early flowering, such as Guohua Jiazi, can pick their hearts around the middle of June.

The following points should be paid attention to during the summer time:

1. Take care to keep the new leaves and branches, and keep about ten new leaves. Keep the top growing, and the rhizomes and new buds will be unearthed faster. All the old leaves below are removed to allow chrysanthemum seedlings to carry out photosynthesis, light transmission and ventilation. If there are too many root buds, the lateral buds next to the mother plant can be removed. On the contrary, if the growth of the mother plant is weak, an appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizer can be applied to let the seeds germinate.

2. After late July, the newly grown chrysanthemum seedlings were selected and planted when the height of chrysanthemum seedlings was about 10cm. The single chrysanthemum uses a basin with an inner diameter of 20cm, a basin of 22-24cm, and a basin of more than 9 heads with a diameter of 30cm.

At the end of June, the chrysanthemum seedlings which have been grown and formed by 10cm can change the bud head, those with strong growth can be trigeminal nine-top type, and those with poor growth can be cultivated into single-root chrysanthemum.

4. From late August to early September, willow buds were found to be removed in time, as long as the first lateral bud was left alone, otherwise it would affect flowering.

Fourth, autumn nourishment (also known as autumn tube)

Autumn cultivation is the key to the growth and development of chrysanthemum. Maintenance and management should be strengthened to promote the growth of roots, stems, leaves and flowers.

1. Upper basin: the basin should be changed in late July and then the bottom fertilizer will be applied. Note: varieties with large and plump petals like big fat, while varieties with thin petals wilting should not apply big fertilizer, and there should be no extra branches and fibrous roots when transplanting into the pot. Chrysanthemum seedlings are easy to rot their roots in high temperature and heavy rain, so as long as the basin soil is filled with 1/2; the position of the basin is best staggered so that chrysanthemum seedlings are transparent and ventilated; pay attention to the prevention and control of black spot, aphids, powdery mildew, yellow spot and other diseases and insect pests.

2. Cutting off the mother plant: the selection will be completed around the beginning of August.

3. Fill: after the mother plant is removed, the soil can be filled to about 30%. The general varieties can be filled with fertile soil; the varieties with good growth can be filled with heavy fertile soil, and those with poor growth can be filled with ordinary soil.

4. Laminating: fill the soil in batches according to the height of chrysanthemum seedlings for about 7 days until flowering.

5. Topdressing: in the middle of September, topdressing after shaping, and then filling 20% heavy fertilizer to cultivate soil quality. In the first ten days of October, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea or a mixture of both can be applied as water every 7 days, or spray the surface of branches and leaves 3-4 times in the evening. On the contrary, it is found that the leaf veins become darker and wider, and even the leaves are stiff and blowing with sound, so they can no longer continue to fertilize, and the buds can stop fertilizing when they bloom.

6. Plucking buds: chrysanthemum plants show buds from mid-September to early October, and lateral buds are removed properly. When the buds grow to the size of the peas, they are removed three times according to the order from top to bottom. It is best to leave two lateral buds under the fourth leaf to prevent abnormal development of the main buds.

7. Plastic surgery: the receptacle can support the varieties with weak growth, and make frames to support the varieties with three forks and nine tops.

8. Florescence management: stop fertilizing when the bud grows color, reduce the watering times every day, and move into the room to avoid sunlight after all blossoms. Indoor low temperature can prolong the florescence of chrysanthemum. Avoid frost indoors and avoid chrysanthemum frost. If you need to clean the dust on the leaves, pay attention to the petals can not touch the water.