Sand cultivation vegetable cultivation techniques, commonly used small fine flow sand culture and water vapor sand culture

Small fine flow sand culture: planting in the form of a border, digging a ditch in the middle of the border, then installing a pipe for drainage, and placing a nutrient solution storage tank for irrigation with a micro-pump. Water vapor sand culture: the trough structure is adopted, with two or four walls in the upper layer, Panax notoginseng walls in the lower layer, and stacked with galvanized iron mesh. The advantage is that the nutrient solution can be recycled and supplied directly to the roots to promote root growth.

As we all know, the research and development of soilless cultivation technology not only breaks the regional restrictions, but also has the characteristics of helping to improve crop growth quality, saving water and increasing water, which is a developing new technology. The sand culture technology is on the basis of soilless cultivation, further research and development results, its advantages are not only low planting cost, easy to popularize in a wide range of areas, but also the yield and income are very good. The experiment shows that using sand culture technology to grow cucumber as an example, the yield of 25000kg per mu is increased by 47.2% and 93.1%. Let's take a look at two common methods of growing sand vegetables.

1. Small fine flow sand culture

1. Form and liquid supply equipment

(1) the form of Shapei border

Sand cultivation is in the form of a border, first digging a border with high 30cm and wide 90cm, which is slightly leveled, and then digging a trench with high 3cm and wide 10cm in the middle of the bottom, which is filled with a pipe for drainage, covered with a layer of plastic film along the bottom to prevent infiltration, and suppressed with stones or bricks. The same side of the drainage pipe is cut down with a tool, one at the left and right every 45cm, about 1/3 of the length of the whole drainage pipe. After the cut, a layer of coarse river sand is spread at the bottom, and the rest is covered with ordinary river sand, which is in line with the height of the sand bed. When the cultivation bed is long, the bottom sand should be laid with a certain inclination to facilitate future drainage, and the cultivation bed can keep the same length as the drainage pipe for a short time.

(2) liquid supply equipment

The nutrient solution storage tank is installed in the greenhouse corridor, and the nutrient solution is pumped into the sand bed through the micro-pump. The micro-pump should be filtered well, and the filter made of nylon stockings has the best effect. According to the length range of the sand bed, a hole is made as the infusion source every 20cm or so, and the thin tube is beneficial to the small fine flow sand culture for irrigation.

2. The method of pouring liquid by sand culture

Shapei nutrient solution can use analytical pure reagent, but in order to save cost, it is generally replaced by cheap chemical fertilizer or industrial pure medicine, and its composition is similar to that of standard nutrient solution. In general, the price of the nutrient solution for sand culture is about 2.51 yuan per cubic meter, the amount of pouring can be controlled at the discharge of the liquid, the number of times of pouring can be irrigated once a day in sunny days, not in rainy days, and when the temperature is high in summer, when nutrient water is accelerated to evaporate, or when crops need to be fed during the fruiting period, the number of times of pouring can be increased appropriately, depending on the situation.

2. Water vapor sand culture

1. Sha Pei Bian structure

The main results are as follows: (1) the structure of the sand bed of water vapor sand culture is of trough type, and the bottom should be leveled and covered with plastic film to prevent infiltration, with "two or four walls" on the top and "Sanqi walls" on the bottom.

(2) to set up a net in the raised place of the wall, it is best to use galvanized iron net, spread a layer of nylon net yarn, and then spread 2-3cm coarse sand and 8-10cm river sand. Every 50cm, a stack is built in the middle of the bottom with brick to support the fixed iron net.

(3) the irrigation nutrient solution should exceed the river sand surface, the early liquid level is about 4cm from the iron net, and then it can be adjusted to 6-8cm, and the excess nutrient solution should be removed through the valve in time.

2. Advantages of water vapor type

The main results are as follows: (1) when the nutrient solution is irrigated by water vapor sand culture, the fast flow rate can bring back some air, and the liquid can be recycled after pouring.

(2) the air layer isolates the organic matter into three parts, and the crop root system is in the river sand layer, air and nutrient solution respectively, and the crops exposed in the sand layer and air have sufficient oxygen to directly supply the root system in the nutrient solution at the bottom to promote growth. To prevent retting.