Planting method and time of Lipu taro and sowing after final frost

Soil preparation: it is suitable to plant in fields with fertile, loose and convenient drainage and irrigation, and appropriate amount of organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer. Close planting with plastic film mulching: the Winter Solstice needs plastic film mulching to promote budding, and close planting adopts the mode of cultivation of large and small rows. Trench and film mulching: ditch according to large row spacing, rake slightly after ridging, and cover with transparent plastic film after spraying herbicide. Fertilization water pipe: reasonable fertilization, scientific water management. Mid-tillage soil cultivation: before ridge closure, combined with mid-tillage, weeding and soil cultivation for 2-3 times. Artificial weeding: timely artificial weeding.

First, fine soil preparation and adequate application of basic fertilizer

1. Land selection and preparation

The main results are as follows: (1) the root system of taro is well developed. generally speaking, the underground corm part of taro is suitable for planting in fields where fertile and loose, fertilizer and water conservation, convenient drainage and irrigation are convenient, and taro has not been planted in the first year.

(2) avoid continuous cropping when planting, continuous cropping for one year will lead to a reduction in yield, such as continuous cropping corn and other gramineous crops will be reduced by 30%, the first stubble is best planted sweet potato or peanut stubble.

(3) soil preparation before sowing, turning deeper than 40cm, is beneficial to corm growth and increase yield.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

The main results are as follows: (1) about 2500kg organic fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer with high content of 6000kg organic matter is applied per mu, and deep ploughing is carried out after fertilization.

(2) according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 1.2, respectively. Pure nitrogen 1-1.2kg, phosphorus pentoxide 0. 8-0.84kg and potassium oxide 1. 6-1.68kg were needed for each production of 100kg corms.

(3) the amount of chemical fertilizer is 35kg/ mu of diammonium phosphate, 50kg/ mu of compound fertilizer, 100kg/ mu of bone meal and 75kg/ mu of ammonium bicarbonate.

(4) suitable fertilizer around the middle of July, applying appropriate amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer such as potassium sulfate and superphosphate, as well as ammonium bicarbonate, diammonium phosphate and so on.

(5) as seed fertilizer, apply 25kg/ mu potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50kg/ mu superphosphate.

Second, early sowing and plastic film mulching and reasonable close planting

1. Sowing and covering with plastic film

(1) sowing time

Taro likes temperature and avoid frost, generally sowing after the final frost, sowing early, low temperature, easy to rot or weak seedlings, too late, high ground temperature, easy to burn seedlings, can be controlled according to the actual situation, such as after taro emergence and not frozen, sowing time should be early, planting time in advance can prolong taro growth period, achieve the effect of increasing production, and taro growth period is long. When the temperature exceeds 13-15 ℃, the planting time is usually in the first and middle of March, and plastic film cultivation can be done one month earlier.

(2) plastic film mulching to promote budding.

After the Winter Solstice, New Year's Day is covered with plastic film to accelerate germination, which can not only increase temperature and moisture, but also increase the yield by 38.5% Mel 50%, increase the proportion and finished product rate of taro, sow seeds in the open field about a month ahead of time, and plant taro on a sunny day around January after root budding. Taro can be harvested before mid-August.

2. Seed selection

The study shows that the sowing yield of 20g seed taro is more than 13% lower than that of 50g seed taro, and the yield of the same size seed taro is more than 6% lower than that of the whole taro without cutting stem, so medium-sized seed taro should be selected as seed, which contains more nutrients and is beneficial to plant growth.

At the same time, it is best to choose the bulb with no wound and mildew, and the tip of the terminal bud is well preserved and the weight is about 50g. In addition, when selecting taro in the middle of taro seed, taro hairs and lateral buds should be removed to prevent lateral buds from sprouting.

3. Seed drying and budding

15-20 days before sowing, seed germination and wet sand germination should be carried out. The stored taro can be dried in the sun for 1-2 days, and the seed taro can be placed separately in the budding bed at a temperature of 18-20 ℃. The taro can be sown when the bud length is about 1cm, which can ensure that taro seedlings emerge neatly.

4. Reasonable close planting

The main results are as follows: (1) when sowing with large and small rows, we can plant closely according to the standard of plant spacing of about 27-33cm, large row spacing of about 60cm and small row spacing of about 30cm.

(2) Taro can plant about 4500-6000 plants per mu, which can produce reasonable economic benefits. of course, the planting density depends on the variety, soil, water and fertilizer, and the better the planting, the denser it is.

Third, ditching and ridging, film mulching and deep burial

1. Trenching

Open the ditch with deep 10cm and wide 35cm according to large row spacing, irrigate water in the ditch to produce soil moisture, pay attention to triangle dislocation, bud tip upward, apply appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer, and apply 15-20 mature soybeans containing phoxim as seed fertilizer to prevent insect pests.

2. Ridging

The ridges with 20cm and width of 50-60cm were raked and flattened slightly, and then the thick soil of about 12cm was covered on the taro. After autumn, there was no need to divide the ridges to cover the soil, so it was not easy to produce green taro or less green taro, increased yield and did not hurt the roots, and improved the quality of taro.

3. Film mulching

After spraying herbicide, choose 7-8 jin transparent plastic film to cover, the surface of the box should be flat, the soil should be finely crushed and pressed around with soil, which can be retained until the end of June and the beginning of July. Uncover the film when topdressing, pay attention to check after covering, break the film after emergence and seal the hole with soil, so that the crop can grow and develop normally and make up in time when it is found that there is a lack of seedlings.

IV. Rational fertilization and scientific water management

1. Rational fertilization

The main results are as follows: (1) in the early stage of seedling: topdressing seedling fertilizer once, topdressing 2-3 times in the early and middle stages of peak growth period, pay attention to the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer is less before and after.

(2) late seedling stage: in order to prevent greedy green and late ripening, the amount of topdressing should be controlled and 40-50kg/ mu compound fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer and 100-150kg supercalcium according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at 15:15:15.

(3) after Miaoqi: according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at 16:10:20, 75-100kg/ mu compound fertilizer was applied, and the fertilizer was poured with water, during which weeding, soil cultivation and film mulching were combined.

(4) 3-4 leaf stage in early June: at this time, taro began to expand, and 1000kg/ mu of farm manure, 15kg/ mu of potassium sulfate, 50kg/ mu of bio-organic fertilizer and 2kg/ mu of boron, zinc and magnesium fertilizer were compost for 30-45 days, and then fertilized and covered with soil.

(5) the expansion period from June to July: when diseases and insect pests were sprayed with dilatonin plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on.

(6) the first 5-6 leaves of Greater Heat in the middle of July: after pulling grass, 25kg/ mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 15kg/ mu of potassium sulfate were mixed to cover a layer of shallow soil.

(7) after August: stop applying fertilizer.

2. Scientific water management

The main results are as follows: 1. Taro likes water and is afraid of drought and waterlogging, the leaves need a lot of water, the soil is dry, and the leaves are yellow and withered.

The main results are as follows: (1) low temperature and slow growth in the early stage, only need to keep the soil moist, avoid watering at seedling stage, rooting and seedling emergence will be affected.

(2) in the middle and later stage, the temperature is high and the growth is fast, so it is appropriate to irrigate in the morning and evening, the watering leaves are easy to wither at noon in the high temperature season, keep the box surface moist before fertilizing and uncover the film, water properly in summer drought prevention, and pay attention to drainage in rainy season.

(3) during the peak growth period, the bottom of the gully should be moist at least with water about 3cm deep. The watering amount should be controlled 20 days before harvest, and irrigation should be stopped 10 days before harvest.

5. Cultivate the soil by ploughing

The main results are as follows: 1. Excessive growth of taro corms will affect the yield and quality. On the one hand, soil cultivation can inhibit the germination of terminal buds of son taro and sun taro, on the other hand, it can reduce the consumption of nutrients, so as to promote the growth of corm.

2. Before closing ridges, the soil should be cultivated for 2-3 times, every 15-20 days, with 5-7cm of soil covered with plastic film mulching. There is no need to cultivate soil.

Sixth, apply dwarftin and remove taro in time

1. Paclobutrazol and peony seedling agent

The main results were as follows: (1) when the plant height of 5-6 leaves was about 45cm, the seedling strengthening agent 8kg/ mu and paclobutrazol 150g/ mu were mixed, and 20 days later, paclobutrazol 150g/ mu was applied or foliar spraying.

(2) according to the increasing or decreasing dosage of plant growth, it should be carried out on a sunny day, and 15g paclobutrazol plus 40kg was used to irrigate 80,100plants of heart leaves, plant height 80cm and basic closure of more than 5 leaves.

2. Remove the taro

Cutting off the seed taro at 7-8 leaves can concentrate and retain nutrients, which is beneficial to the expansion of the mother taro. When the daughter taro has one leaf and one heart, the growing point is cut off, and 3-4 female taro seeds are not removed.

7. Artificial weeding

The main results are as follows: 1. After sowing and watering, pre-bud herbicides are used to control weeds, and Duer, Pucaojing and other herbicides or herbicide 20ml mixed with 60kg/ water are used to spray the whole field.

2. 150g/ mu Acetochlor herbicide can also be sprayed on the ground, and artificial weeding can be carried out in combination with fertilization and loosening soil during the growing period.