Planting techniques and experience of Pinellia ternata

Land selection: select sandy soil with loose fertilizer and good drainage capacity, which can be planted on gentle slope flat land or orchard. Propagation methods: bulbs and plant buds are propagated. Management: timely topdressing, drainage and irrigation, soil cultivation and bud picking work. Diseases and insect pests: do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as corm rot, leaf shrinkage, aphids, cabbage insects, etc. Harvest: after ploughing, fermentation, peeling, drying and other processing steps. Experience: select excellent varieties according to the terrain, determine the planting time according to the temperature, and choose the appropriate seed soaking agent.

1. Planting techniques of Pinellia ternata

1. Land selection and preparation

The main results are as follows: (1) Pinellia ternata belongs to shade-tolerant plant with short root system and strict requirements for land. Soil should be moist in the early stage and dry in the later stage.

(2) it likes the neutral sandy soil with loose fertility and good drainage capacity, and it should choose 10-30 degree gentle slope or flat land and orchard forest with no pollution source nearby and high altitude to plant.

(3) when preparing the soil, it is necessary to turn the soil deeply, apply mature farm manure of about 2000-3000kg per mu, apply about 30-50kg of superphosphate, and make a border with a high 20cm and a width of about 1.2m.

2. Methods of reproduction

(1) corm propagation

The propagation of ① corms should be carried out in the ventilated place from November to December, and the bulbs with good quality with a diameter of about 1-1.5cm should be selected for seed, and the bulbs should be dug and planted directly in the same year.

If ② wants to store it, let it dry for 1-2 days, then store it in a cool place.

(2) bulblet propagation

The propagation of ① bulbs should be from late March to early April. The old withered leaves should be collected and new bulbs will grow on the petiole and sow about 100-120kg bulbs or 50-60kg bulbs per mu.

② bulbs were graded according to size, and planted separately according to row spacing of 15-20cm, plant spacing of 1.5cm, and deep-buried 5cm.

In order to facilitate future operation, ③ is covered with straw or seedless weeds and watered appropriately.

3. Field management

(1) topdressing in time

① likes fertilizer in Pinellia ternata, and after emergence, it applies rotten organic fertilizer about 1000-2000kg per mu.

After ② Lesser Fullness of Grain, the rhizome of Pinellia ternata grows rapidly and needs a lot of fertilizer. At this time, manure, cake fertilizer and urea should be re-applied, and about 4000-5000kg per mu should be applied with rotten stable fertilizer and turf-ash mixed fertilizer.

At the same time, ③ sprinkled 50kg peanut bran on the border surface and fertilized the soil to prevent loss.

(2) do a good job of drainage and irrigation and soil cultivation

① high temperature and dry environment will make Pinellia ternata wilt and yellowing, serious or even seedling fall, the growing period should keep the soil moist, appropriate cooling, rainy season drainage, to prevent corm rot.

After the seeds of ② fell to the ground in June, Grain in Beard carried out soil cultivation during the period from Grain in Beard to Lesser Heat to promote the growth and development of rhizome bulbs.

③ can cultivate the soil twice. After the soil is broken, it is sprinkled on the thickness of the border, 1.5cm, to prevent stagnant water.

(3) pick buds at the right time

The reproduction of Pinellia ternata is fast and difficult to remove. During bolting, the bud should be removed in stages and in batches, especially the bud grows rapidly, and the mother plant can be removed as soon as it grows, so that the corm can accumulate enough nutrients and increase yield.

4. Pest control

(1) corm rot

Corm rot usually occurs in the rainy season and low-lying waterlogged places, the main symptoms are corm rot, stem and leaf withering, timely removal of diseased plants at the initial stage of the disease, watering with 5% lime water at the disease point, or sprinkling lime powder for prevention and control, pay attention to drainage.

(2) Leaf shrinking disease

Leaf shrinkage disease is more common in summer and is caused by virus. the main symptoms are leaf shrinkage and distortion, dwarfism and deformity. the prevention and control methods are to eliminate the source of transmission or to choose disease-free plants to keep seeds.

(3) aphids

Aphids like to eat the rhizome sap of Pinellia ternata, causing the leaves to turn yellow. during the aphid growing period, the aphids can be sprayed with 1500-2000 times dilution of 40% dimethoate EC, or sprayed with 1000-1500 times diluent of mimetil.

4) Pieris rapae

Pieris rapae mainly bites the leaves of Pinellia ternata, resulting in a gap in the leaves, which can be sprayed with 1500 times dilution of trichlorfon or 1000 times dilution of dichlorvos.

5. Harvesting and processing

(1) timely planing and harvesting

The harvest time of ① dry Pinellia ternata is very important, too early or too late will be lack of powder, affecting the yield.

② study showed that it was the most suitable for harvest when the leaf color of Pinellia ternata changed to yellow and green under 13 ℃ in autumn.

The temperature in the ③ Huang-Huai area is exactly 13 ℃ before and after the Autumn Equinox, and the temperature in the Yangtze River Basin will be postponed appropriately according to the temperature difference, and the temperature in Northeast China will be harvested ahead of time.

(2) planing method

Planing first during harvest can quickly evaporate soil moisture, turn out the whole leaves of Pinellia ternata when ploughing, pick out the tubers, pick out the bulbs that fall after falling seedlings, pick out the dead leaves and residual branches in time after planing, and clean up in time to prevent diseases and insect pests.

(3) processing technology

① fermentation: pile the tubers of fresh Pinellia ternata for 15-20 days, pile up to 50cm, wait for the bark of Pinellia ternata to ferment, slightly rot, gently rub the skin and drop.

② peeling: manual peeling is used when the quantity is small, screening and grading after fermentation, washing after loading into a container, repeated trampling or rubbing for 10 minutes, sieving and peeling. There is still a "cocoon" at the bottom of the larger stem block, which can be peeled off by hand or rubbed off in a bag until it becomes pure white, and mechanical peeling is used when the quantity is large.

③ drying: after peeling, drying, and turning, take it back to the indoor flat to dry at night, and then take out the sun to dry the next day, the quantity is large, avoid being affected by the climate, you can build a drying room to dry, after processing, the quality of Pinellia ternata is excellent.

2. the experience of planting Pinellia ternata

1. Select superior varieties

The main results are as follows: (1) Pinellia ternata grows in a variety of leaf types, bamboo leaf type and apricot leaf type are widely distributed and planted all over the country.

(2) similar bamboo leaf type and palm leaf type are mainly distributed in some areas of Guizhou, Jiangxi and other provinces and the Yangtze River basin.

(3) "narrow clover" Pinellia ternata is mainly distributed in Shandong area, and the excellent varieties, especially the original "narrow clover" in Heze of Shandong Province and Fengxian County of Jiangsu Province, are the most prominent, with strong branches, large and thick leaves, strong photosynthesis and resistance, and early bulbous bud formation. the yield and quality are good.

2. Choose planting time

The main results are as follows: (1) choosing the best sowing time can maximize the growth time of Pinellia ternata and improve the economic benefit.

(2) the most suitable planting temperature of Pinellia ternata is 5-7 ℃, and some areas such as southern areas with no frost or short frost period should be planted in late autumn or winter.

(3) Rain Water should be planted in Huang-Huai area, and planting should be postponed in a certain area of northwest and northeast with low temperature.

3. Select seed soaking agents.

The main results are as follows: (1) artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata for the treatment of diseases and insect pests is not only easy to residual pesticides, but also increase the planting cost.

(2) it is very important to choose the medicament of soaking and mixing the seed stem before sowing. It is necessary to choose the germicidal and seed dressing medicament with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, use it correctly and reasonably, and avoid indiscriminate application.