The planting season and method of Platycodon grandiflorum, spring sowing and winter sowing are optional.

Platycodon grandiflorum can be sowed in spring from March to April or in winter from November to January of the following year. When sowing in spring, the seeds should be scalded and sown after the seeds germinate. Winter sowing is more suitable for planting Platycodon grandiflorum, first of all, seed dressing is carried out according to a certain proportion of fine sand and seeds, and then it is scattered evenly on the border surface.

I. planting season of Platycodon grandiflorum

1. Spring sowing

The main results are as follows: (1) from March to April, when sowing, the seeds need to be scalded and soaked in warm water of 30 ℃ for 8 hours.

(2) then wrap the seeds in a wet cloth and place them in a place of 25-30 ℃. Cover them with wet hemp slices to accelerate germination, and then rinse with warm water once a day.

(3) the seeds can be sown after about 5 days of germination, and the soil moisture should be maintained for a long time after sowing, and the seedlings can emerge after about 15 days.

2. Winter sowing

The main results are as follows: (1) from November to January of the following year, Platycodon grandiflorum should be sown in winter.

(2) mix the seeds with fine sandy soil, the ratio of seeds to soil is 0.3: 1, and sprinkle evenly on the border.

(3) sweep the border with a broom until you can't see the seeds on the surface, and seedlings will emerge the following spring.

2. Planting methods of Platycodon grandiflorum

1. Land selection and preparation

The main results are as follows: (1) Platycodon grandiflorum belongs to perennial herb and is a kind of deep-rooted crop. It is suitable to choose sloping land or open area with fertile soil, easy to take root and good drainage.

(2) the soil can be deeply turned and ripened before the coming of winter.

(3) in the spring of the second year, about 2500-3000kg of farm manure, about 25kg of potassium sulfate, about 25kg of urea, about 35-40kg of diammonium phosphate and about 100kg of superphosphate were applied as base fertilizer per mu, and then the land was leveled with harrowing.

(4) finally, a border with a height of about 6cm and a width of 1.3m to 1.7m was made.

2. Select varieties

The varieties of Platycodon grandiflorum generally choose the purple flower Platycodon grandiflorum with higher medicinal properties than other varieties.

3. Standard sowing

The main results are as follows: (1) Platycodon grandiflorum is generally sown by sowing, and the amount of seed used per mu is 2.5kg.

(2) when sowing, the Platycodon grandiflorum seeds should be mixed evenly with the proportion of 0.3kg seeds and a basin of fine sandy soil, and then sprinkled on the border to make the seeds fully touch the border surface.

(3) in the spring of the following year, the seedlings grew early. When sowing in spring, artificial treatment of the seeds will keep the seedlings neat, and you can also choose the method of moisturizing the grass after sowing.

(4) the method of moisturizing the grass cover is to soak all the seeds in warm water of about 30 ℃ for eight hours, then wrap them in a cotton cloth wet with water, put them in a place with a suitable temperature of 25-30 ℃, and then cover them with a layer of wet hemp slices to accelerate germination.

(5) filter with warm water for five days. The sowing method of winter sowing is the same as spring sowing, we should pay attention to keep the soil moist for a long time, about half a month or so can emerge seedlings.

4. Field management

① inter-seedling and supplementary seedling

The seedlings should be thinned and fixed properly for Platycodon grandiflorum, the distance between seedlings was 10-13cm in 2cm, and the seedlings were fixed at 3-4cm. Do not forget to transplant with soil when replenishing seedlings, and should be carried out at the same time with inter-seedlings.

② ploughing and weeding

After watering, the soil is slightly moist and loose soil is used to remove weeds. Platycodon grandiflorum plants do not need to do intermediate ploughing and weeding after growth and development.

③ fertilization

Fertilizing seedlings after inter-seedling, fixed seedling and irrigation, fertilization can promote the growth and development of seedlings. Calcium superphosphate 20kg and urea l0kg were applied per mu when the seedling height was about 6-7cm.

④ topping

The seedlings will be topped when they grow a little higher and reach the height of 10cm. The necessary topping can improve the seed quality and affect the number and plumpness of fruit seeds.

⑤ soil cultivation

After fertilizing and topping the seedlings, the excess weeds are removed to cultivate the soil, which can prevent the plants from being blown down or broken by excessive wind.

Removing buds by ⑥

Spray 1000ml at full bloom to get rid of excess buds. The yield is 45% higher than that without spraying, and removing buds and picking flowers can increase the yield of Platycodon grandiflorum.

5. Pest control

① Fusarium wilt

At the initial stage of the onset of Fusarium wilt, the lower root and stem base will be brown and turn into a dry nest. Spray 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times or 50% methyl topiramate 1000 times in the early stage of the disease to prevent and cure.

② purple stripe feather disease

The root epidermis of Platycodon grandiflorum with purple feather disease will turn red and covered with hyphae, and in severe cases, the color will gradually become reddish brown or purplish brown, and the hyphae will gradually turn into a sclerotia the size of mung beans. Rot and die in the later stage of the disease, resulting in a serious reduction in production.

③ ring disease and spot blight

The damage of ring streak and spot blight mainly acts on leaves, which can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim or 100 Bordeaux.

④ pest

There are mainly ground tigers, parasitoids, mole crickets, aphids and other pests, eat roots and seedlings. (control methods: aphids are sprayed with 40% dimethoate 500 times, and underground pests are irrigated with 50% phoxim 500 times or 90% trichlorfon 800 times, which can also be made into toxic bait. )