Planting technology of space lotus 36, the combination of base fertilizer and topdressing

Soil: suitable for planting in fields with loose fertile and convenient drainage and irrigation, apply rotten pig and cow manure and sprinkle it with quicklime, and plough and rake the soil one day before transplanting. Transplant: transplant at the end of March or early April, select healthy and sturdy lotus root to disinfect with chemicals, and then plant separately. Field management: do a good job of checking and replenishing seedlings, irrigation and weeding. Fertilization: according to the combination of organic and inorganic, base fertilizer and topdressing.

I. soil requirements

1. Choose lotus fields: Lotus fields should be planted in fields with sufficient sunshine, convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil fertility, high content of soil organic matter, and no lotus rot, and should not be planted in cold paddy fields, mountain monopolized fields, rusty paddy fields and leaking paddy fields.

2, fertilization of cultivated land: winter idle fields before and after the Spring Festival, can be combined with two ploughs and two harrows, and apply 2000kg human manure or 2500-3000kg rotten pig and cattle manure per mu, then sprinkle with 50kg quicklime, and then plough and rake the soil one day or the same day before transplanting, so that the muddy fields are leveled and free of weeds.

Prepare for transplant

1. Transplant time: transplant can be carried out when the average temperature is about 12 ℃, that is, the end of March or the first ten days of April.

2. Plant lotus root selection: it is suitable to choose disease-free, fresh color, stout and symmetrical, short flat internodes, no damage to terminal bud and lotus root body.

3. Seed lotus root disinfection: seed lotus root needs to be disinfected before transplantation. 1000 times liquid can be used to spray carbendazim for about 12 hours.

4. planting density: the average top bud per mu is 250-300, and the number of planted lotus root can be increased or decreased appropriately according to the field fertility. Generally, the soil fertility is higher and less planting is appropriate, while the fields with lower fertility are fast, so it is necessary to increase the planting density.

5. Planting mode: the plant was planted with a row spacing of 1.5 × 1.5ml 2.0m, and the terminal buds were all facing the center of the field, buried in the field at an oblique angle of 45 °, with a depth of 5-7cm, and then covered with soil to expose the lotus root.

Third, Liantan management

1. Check seedlings and replenish seedlings: after floating leaves grow out of space lotus, check seedlings and replenish seedlings. There are rotting and ungerminated lotus roots, which need to be replenished in time.

2. Water management: water management should follow the principle of shallow water irrigation in the early stage, deep irrigation in the middle stage and shallow irrigation in the later stage. Shallow water about 3cm should be irrigated during transplanting, 3-6cm deep water should be irrigated in late April after planting, and 12-15cm deep water should be used for heat preservation when the cold wave comes. From early May to late June, 9.0-20cm deep still water was irrigated. From the first ten days of July to the end of August, 15-20cm deep current moving water was irrigated. From September to March of the following year, shallow water can be irrigated to make the lotus root safely through the winter. Plots with suitable conditions can also be irrigated with deep water, which is conducive to the prevention and control of space lotus rot.

3. Intermediate ploughing and weeding: when the lotus whip leaves, it is necessary to start intermediate ploughing and weeding. When interploughing, it is necessary to drain the water from the lotus field, remove weeds and then carry out intermediate ploughing, which is usually carried out every half a month or soil. it will end when the lotus plant is closed.

IV. Timely fertilization

1. Principles of fertilization

Fertilization can be carried out according to the soil nutrient status and growth of space lotus, and the appropriate amount and method of fertilizer application can also be determined through soil test, and balanced fertilization can be achieved according to the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer and the combination of base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer.

Generally speaking, it is appropriate to apply 18.2kg phosphorus pentoxide, 26.3kg potassium sulfate and 36.4kg pure nitrogen per mu, and the proportion of each nutrient N:P2O5:K2O is 10:5:7. It is not possible to apply organic fertilizers such as municipal waste, industrial waste, human and animal feces and urine that have not reached the harmless target, and the selected chemical fertilizer needs to meet the quality standards of relevant national products.

2. Base fertilizer

In the early stage of the growth of space lotus, that is, from germination to floating leaves, the nutrients needed for the growth of space lotus are generally supplied from the space lotus itself, so it is necessary to choose long-acting organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, not chemical fertilizer, which can be applied before transplanting space lotus.

2000kg human feces and urine, 2500-3000kg rotten pig manure and 50kg quicklime can be applied per mu, and 2kg borax, 6-8kg sulfuric acid and 8-10kg gypsum powder are applied once before space lotus transplantation, which is beneficial to the growth and development of space lotus.

3. Topdressing

Topdressing is mainly applied with quick-acting chemical fertilizer, depending on soil fertility and the growth of space lotus, fertilizer is applied by stages in the leaf standing stage, the first flowering stage, the full flowering stage and the late picking stage.

Standing leaf fertilizer: when the plant grew 1-2 standing leaves in early May, 45% urea 1-1.5kg 1-1.5kg potassium sulfate was applied per mu, and the deep application was carried out at the 8-10cm of the rolled leaves, and the depth was 6-8cm.

First flowering fertilizer: 5kg urea, 10kg nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N15-P15-K15) compound fertilizer was applied per mu in the middle and last ten days of May.

Hua Peng fertilizer: from the first ten days of June to the middle of July, before and after the solar terms of Grain in Beard, the Summer Solstice and Lesser Heat, 7-8kg urea, 3-4kg potassium sulfate and 15kg nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N15-P15-K15) compound fertilizer were applied per mu.

Afterpower fertilizer: from the end of July to the beginning of August, 5kg urea and 2-3kg potassium sulfate can be applied per mu according to the plant growth.

Fifth, picking leaves

When the leaves are picked and sealed, the floating leaves, withered yellow leaves and standing leaves without long flowers can be removed, and the standing leaves without long flowers can be removed 1-2 times in the flowering stage, including the dead leaves of flower buds. When picking, a lotus canopy can be used to remove the lotus leaves at the same node, but for those with sparse distribution, relatively green leaves should be maintained in the later stage of picking, which can promote the formation of full grains and new lotus roots. In order to improve the quality of lotus root seed, and the disease of the field, so as to avoid lotus leaf loss, in order to prevent the spread of germs, generally do not need to pick leaves.

VI. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

1. The principle of prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: generally, comprehensive prevention and control should be given priority to prevention, and agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control should be adopted. pesticides with high toxicity, high residue, high teratogenicity, high carcinogenicity and high biological enrichment prohibited by the state should not be mixed with them. The principles of pesticide application should strictly comply with the provisions of GB4285 and GB/T8321.

2. Agricultural control: select and purchase excellent varieties without disease before planting, carry out rotation and stubble planting, and strengthen mid-tillage and weeding in the later stage to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

3. Physical control: the lotus leaves with high density of diseases and insect pests are removed by hand, and buried in the soil of lotus field, the diseased plants are removed by hand, and black light can be used to trap and kill pests.

4. Biological control: artificial breeding of natural enemies can be carried out if possible, and biological pesticides can be used to control diseases and insect pests.

5. Chemical control

The main results are as follows: (1) when Spodoptera litura occurs from May to August, it can be killed manually according to the clustering of pre-3rd instar larvae, or it can be controlled by 15-20ml enemy killing 60-80kg per mu.

(2) when lotus aphids occur from May to July, 100-150g 40% dimethoate 1000-1500 times per mu can be used for control.

(3) when brown spot occurs from June to July, in the fields where the disease is more seriously affected by new plants, and the pathogen spreads from old leaves to new leaves, the diseased plants can be removed and sprayed with 2000-3000 times of Shigao liquid for control.

(4) when lotus rot disease occurred from mid-May to early July, the diseased plants were removed in the early stage of the disease, and carbendazim and Luheng No. 1 were used for control.

(5) when the disease occurs from the end of July to the beginning of August, 2500 times of 5% cypermethrin EC can be used to control the disease from 4 to 5 p.m., with a dosage of 20-25g per mu or 1000 times of dimethoate per mu, and 75-100g per mu.

7. Auxiliary pollination

1. Artificial pollination: it is suitable to stick the pollen on the lotus stigma to the stigma of another lotus flower with a clean brush before 9 o'clock in the morning.

2. Releasing bees in lotus fields: every 15-30 mu of lotus fields need to keep a box of bees, during which bees can pick pollen, so as to achieve the purpose of auxiliary pollination.

VIII. Harvest

1. It is suitable for harvesting from the end of June to the early morning of October.

2. Generally, brown markings appear in the lotus canopy, the lotus seeds and lotus pods are slightly separated, and the peel of the lotus seeds is light brown, which can be harvested.

3. The harvesting method should be carried out according to the fixed route in order, with 400-500cm as the row, during which the field should not be full of land, which will affect the growth of the plant.