High-yield and high-efficiency planting techniques of watermelon

Accelerating germination and raising seedlings: the seeds need to be soaked in warm water, planted in the open field from mid-late April to early June, and incubated at the end of March or early April. Reasonable close planting: about 450-500 plants per mu. Rational fertilization: abide by the principle of light application and diligent application. Improve the fruit setting rate: the fruit setting rate can be improved by pruning, pressing vines, managing vines, artificial pollination, selecting melons, retaining melons, using hormones and so on.

(1) accelerating germination and raising seedlings

1. Sowing date

(1) if sowing in the open field, we can choose to sow seeds in mid-late April or early June according to the supply period.

(2) if seedlings are raised in heat preservation, sowing at the end of March or early April can be chosen according to early supply.

2. Amount of seed used

You can use about 1-1.5 taels of seeds per mu, but because the seeds of hybrid watermelons are relatively large, the weight will also increase, so about 2-2.5 taels of seeds per mu can be used.

3. Soaking seeds to accelerate germination

(1) soak the seeds in warm water of about 50 ℃ for about 15-20 minutes, then add an appropriate amount of warm water to reduce the water temperature to about 30 ℃, and then soak for 2-3 hours until the water cools naturally.

(2) pack the soaked planting in a small cloth bag, wash it with clean water and dry it.

(3) after drying, mix the seeds and fine river sand in the same amount, wrap them with cloth, flatten and accelerate germination.

(4) the suitable temperature for sprouting is about 30-35 ℃, which is usually placed in an incubator or beside the stove.

(5) all the buds can be promoted successfully after about 48 hours.

4. Sowing seeds in the open field

(1) when the watermelon bud grows 1-2 cm, it can be sown.

(2) sow 2-3 seeds per hole when sowing, and the tip of the bud should be placed downward when sowing.

(3) need to cover soil after sowing, the thickness of covering soil is about 2-3 cm, and watering should be carried out immediately after covering soil.

(4) the frequency of watering is determined according to the weather. If there is a sunny day, it will be watered every 2-3 days.

(5) when the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves after sowing, the two plants need to be removed, and the missing seedlings need to be replenished in time.

5. Heat preservation and seedling raising

The main results are as follows: (1) when the true leaves of watermelon seedlings appear, we should pay attention to the ventilation and light transmission of the seedling bed.

(2) at the same time, we should also pay attention to adjust the temperature and humidity of the whole environment, and pay attention to the prevention and control of various diseases, such as quenching, anthracnose, blight and so on.

(3) when the melon seedlings grow to two leaves or three leaves, and the external temperature is stable at 15 ℃, they can be transplanted to the field.

Second, reasonable close planting

The main results are as follows: 1. the cultivation density of watermelon is directly related to variety and soil fertility, and it is suitable to plant about 450-500 plants per mu.

2. After planting, intertillage, soil loosening and weed removal should be carried out at the same time, and intertillage needs about 2-3 times.

III. Rational fertilization

The principle of light application and diligent application should be observed when topdressing fertilizer.

1, seedling fertilizer: fertilization can start when melon seedlings are stable and show true leaves, applying human and animal manure every 10-15 days or so, and can also be mixed with some urea. The amount of human and animal manure per mu is about 15-20 piculs and 3-5 jin of urea.

2. Tuanzhu fertilizer: when the melon seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, 100-200 jin of rotten cake fertilizer and 10-20 piculs of human and animal fertilizer are applied per mu.

3. Strong fruit fertilizer: when watermelons grow to the size of eggs, apply 100-200 jin of cake fertilizer and 10-20 tons of human and animal fertilizer per mu.

4. Head melon fertilizer: when watermelons grow to the size of the bowl mouth, 15-20 jin of urea and 5-8 jin of potash fertilizer are applied per mu.

5. Melon fertilizer: in order to prevent premature senescence of seedlings and provide nutrition to the second and third batch of watermelons, 20-25 jin of urea can be applied per mu after the first batch of watermelons are picked.

Third, increase the rate of fruit setting

The fruit setting rate can be improved by pruning, pressing vines, managing vines, artificial pollination, selecting melons, retaining melons, using hormones and so on.