Planting time of mustard in the north

The planting time of mustard in northern China is about August 16, if the mustard is planted too early and the weather is hot, the fleshy stem of mustard is easy to split longitudinally, hollow and bolting, and it is easy to cause some diseases. if mustard is planted too late, it will shorten the growing period of mustard, resulting in small fleshy stems and a decrease in yield.

First, planting time

The planting period of mustard in northern China is about August 16, and the suitable temperature for the growth stage of succulent stem of mustard is 13-18 ℃. Mustard is planted prematurely. If the weather is hot, the fleshy stem of mustard will be easy to bolting, longitudinal crack, hollow, and may cause virus disease, while planting too late will shorten the growing period of mustard, resulting in small fleshy stem and low yield, so it needs to be planted in a suitable period.

2. Selection of varieties

The main results are as follows: 1. The growing period of mustard is 160-170 days in Sichuan, but due to the influence of climatic conditions, early-maturing varieties with strong adaptability and not easy to bolting can only be planted in the northern area. it is more suitable for planting in the northern region.

2. The variety has good quality, no fiber, slow response to sunshine, is not easy to occur early bolting, the growth period is about 70 days, the weight of fleshy stem per plant is 250g, the yield is 2000-3000 jin per mu, and 1000 jin of tender leaves can be harvested.

Third, fine land preparation

Can choose to plant in the loose and fertile land, after the previous crop harvest, apply 10000 jin of rotten high-quality circle fertilizer plus 80 jin of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, after deep ploughing, raking fine and leveling the soil, make a wide dwarf ridge with a ridge width of 36-40cm, a ridge height of 10-15cm and a ridge bottom width of 26-30cm, and the ridge spacing is 60-70cm, and the ridge can be sown.

IV. Reasonable close planting

The main results are as follows: 1. The seeds of mustard are relatively small, so the ability of sprouting top soil is weak, and fine sowing is needed. We can open two shallow trenches with deep 2cm on the ridge, and then spread the seeds evenly in the ditch. The seed consumption per mu is about 150g. After sowing, we should cover with fine soil, but do not cover too much soil, otherwise it will not be conducive to germination and emergence.

2. Rake the ridge surface flat and spray water, then spray water once each on the 2nd-3rd day, wait for 3 days after sowing, and the seedlings should be planted in time and fixed after the emergence of soil.

3. The first seedling can be selected when the seedling "pull cross", and the second seedling can choose when the seedling grows 3 true leaves, during which the diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and miscellaneous seedlings can be pulled out, and the soil permeability can be enhanced by ploughing and loosening the soil with the seedlings, and then removing the weeds in the field, the seedlings can be fixed when the seedlings grow 4-5 true leaves, and the plant spacing should be kept at about 20cm, and the seedlings should be planted 8500-9000 seedlings per mu.

V. Field management

The main results are as follows: 1. The first topdressing can be carried out after the second inter-seedling stage, and about 10 jin of ammonium sulfate per mu can be applied on the ridge side, which is beneficial to promote the healthy growth of the seedlings. When the fifth true leaf is grown, the second topdressing can be carried out after the seedlings are fixed and ploughed, which is helpful to promote the plants to grow as soon as possible, and 30-40 jin of ammonium sulfate, 30 jin of potassium sulfate and 300 jin of plant ash are scattered in the furrow.

2. watering should be carried out in time after each topdressing. In late September, the third topdressing should be carried out when the plant is close to the ridge closure, which is beneficial to the rapid growth of the stem of the plant. 40-50 jin of ammonium sulfate per mu can be washed with water. After the third topdressing, the plant begins to enter the vigorous growth period and can be watered every 5-6 days, which is conducive to promoting the healthy growth of the plant and the normal development of the fleshy stem.

VI. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

1. Virus disease: 1.5% Zhiyiling emulsion 400-500 times, 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times, Zhanyeling 800 times can be mixed, sprayed once every 10 days, 2-3 times continuously.

2. Soft rot: 4000-5000 times solution of agricultural streptomycin can be used in the early stage of the disease and sprayed continuously for 2-3 times to promote the liquid to flow into the base of petiole and around the fleshy stem.

3. Downy mildew: you can spray 500 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500-600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 400-500 times of 64% chlorothalonil wettable powder in the early stage of the disease, once every 7-10 days, and can be prevented and treated twice according to the disease.

4. Aphids and cabbage worms: 20% chrysanthemum and horse EC 1000-1500 times and 2.5% enemy-killing EC 2000-3000 times can be sprayed.

5. Yellow striped jumping beetle: it can be sprayed with 50% phoxim EC, 1000 times dichlorvos EC and 5000 times Uranus EC, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times continuously.