Key points of cultivation techniques of apricot

Seedling planting: sowing and grafting can be used to raise seedlings, and then soil preparation and fertilization, according to plant spacing and row spacing are both 4cm to plant. Orchard management: artificial breeding bees can be used to pollinate during flowering period, smoking method can be used to prevent cold and frost, fertilizing 4 times a year, timely watering after fertilization, and proper pruning in the later stage. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: in winter, the glue on the trunk can be cleaned up and then painted white, and mancozeb can also be sprayed to prevent bacterial perforation.

I. Seedling planting

The main results are as follows: 1. Seedling cultivation can be carried out by sowing and grafting, and sowing is generally carried out by trenching in spring or autumn. It is necessary to sow seeds reasonably to maintain a certain row spacing and plant spacing, which should not be too dense. When the seedlings are grafted and cultivated, the annual completely lignified branches should be selected. When the seedlings are planted, the healthy and sturdy seedlings should be selected, and then soaked in cold water for about 24 hours.

2. Ploughing the planting land deeply, the depth is about 25cm, then rake the soil flat, the row spacing is about 4m, and the plant spacing is about 4cm. The row spacing and plant spacing can be increased or decreased appropriately according to the size of the specific planting site.

3. it is better to plant at the end of spring, which is beneficial to improve the survival rate of seedlings. Before planting, we can apply sufficient base fertilizer, about 12 kg of farm manure and 1 kg of mixed diammonium phosphate.

4. When transplanting, it is necessary to put the grafting interface to the sunny side, put the seedlings vertically into the soil, ensure that the rhizomes can be fully extended, water thoroughly after planting, and spread a layer of sand nearby to prevent the soil from drying and cracking.

II. Orchard management

1. Pollination

When planting seedlings, it is better to plant according to the proportion of 1:4. In the flowering stage of apricot trees, artificially bred bees can be used for pollination.

2. Keep out the cold and frost

Anti-freezing can use smoking method, relatively simple, can choose the remaining corn straw in autumn, stacked in the upwind of the planting place, pile about 10 piles, ignition in frost weather, pay attention to the need for smoking, in this process must pay attention to the safety of fire, try not to produce open fire.

3. Rational fertilization

In the process of apricot growth, apricot trees need to be fertilized about 4 times a year, and about 60 kg of organic fertilizer can be applied per mu in autumn. Generally, apricot trees need a small amount of fertilizer in seedling stage and fruit setting stage, more fertilizer in mature stage, and timely watering after fertilization. In spring, fruit trees can be fertilized twice during the period of new buds and fruit expansion, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, together with an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and so on, a compound fertilizer can be applied once, about 1 kg, and then watered.

III. Shaping and pruning

1. Apricot trees grow faster in the seedling stage. Cutting the long branches short properly is beneficial to enlarge the crown and leave a better growth angle of the main branches. If all other branches are cut off, more auxiliary branches can be left, which is beneficial to store nutrients in advance.

2. In winter, the main side branches are mainly cut short, and the 45cm is retained around to avoid nutrient loss. Pruning too dense and too long branches in summer is beneficial to promote the fruiting of seedlings.

IV. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main pests of apricot trees are apricot maggots, shell insects, aphids, red spiders and so on, and the diseases are brown rot, bacterial perforation, root rot, gum disease and so on.

Control insect pests and sun fever, clean up the places where glue flow appears on the tree trunk in winter, and then paint white. To prevent bacterial perforation, you can spray 65% mancozeb 300-500 times mancozeb, prevent brown rot, and spray 5 Baomedu stone sulfur mixture before apricot germination.