Cultivation techniques of Cucumber in Open Field

High-quality seedlings with about 35 days old, well-developed roots and no diseases and insect pests are selected for planting, and the basic fertilizer can be applied with diammonium, urea, boron fertilizer, potassium sulfate and so on, when the seedlings reach 20-30cm, it is necessary to build a support to bind the vines, then prune the diseased old leaves in time, and then apply organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alternately in the later stage, watering the cucumber seedlings with slow seedling water 4-5 days after planting, and ploughing and loosening the soil when the surface is slightly dry. The melon period needs a lot of watering and fertilization.

First, select excellent varieties

The main results are as follows: 1. The varieties with high yield, low temperature tolerance, weak light tolerance, strong disease resistance and good commercial ability can be selected for planting. The varieties suitable for open field cultivation in spring are Bomei 4, Jinchun 4, Zhongnong 12 and so on.

2. It can be selected that the seedling age is about 35 days, the cotyledons are intact, the seedling height is 8-10cm, there are 3-5 true leaves, the internodes are relatively short, the angle between petiole and main vine is 45 °, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are thick, the roots are well developed, and the seedlings are free from diseases and insect pests.

II. Planting management

1. On the basis of autumn and winter irrigation, spring irrigation can be carried out from the end of March to the beginning of April. Before ploughing the land, 6000 jin of high-quality farm manure is applied per mu, or 400 jin of highly concentrated and refined organic fertilizer, 100 jin of special phosphate fertilizer for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium vegetables, or 50 jin of diammonium, 30 jin of urea, 30 jin of potassium sulfate and 2 jin of boron fertilizer.

2. After soil preparation, the width of the ridge bottom is 70cm, the width of the furrow bottom is 50cm, the height of the ridge is 20cm, and the open spring cucumber is usually covered with film after trenching and ridging. the open spring cucumber is usually planted in the middle of April, the ground temperature is maintained above 12 ℃, and it is planted when the weather is sunny, generally using the planting method of (50 cm + 70 cm) × 50 cm, covered with film on the ridge, and the suitable planting density is 2222 plants per mu.

3. When the seedling grows to 20-30cm, a branch stem of 1.7m-2m is inserted at the distance of 8-10cm from the seedling to build a herringbone frame, and then the "8" method is used to bind the vine to prevent the stem from sagging and sagging.

4. When binding the vine, you can choose to tie it every 2-3 nodes, which can be done in the afternoon. The stem is easy to break in the morning, and the tendrils and lower side branches are removed at the same time, which is beneficial to the main vine. When the cucumber is full, it is necessary to remove the diseased old leaves in time to ventilate it and reduce the incidence of disease.

III. Water and fertilizer management

The main results are as follows: 1. 4-5 days after cucumber planting, slow seedling water is watered once, and when the surface is slightly dry, medium tillage is carried out to loosen the soil, and then squatting seedlings need to be controlled. When the first cucumber grows and the color of the melon becomes darker, watering can be resumed. Ploughing and weeding once before watering, and sunning for 1-2 days to prevent the revival of weeds after watering.

2. During the melon-setting period, a large amount of watering and fertilization is required. Fertilizer and watering can be applied every 6-7 days, and watering can be carried out in the morning or evening. On the basis of sufficient base fertilizer, it can be combined with watering and fertilization after planting. 20-30 jin of special organic compound for cucumber per mu, or 10 jin of urea and 20 jin of potassium sulfate, can be applied alternately with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, so that the overall fertilizer efficiency of nutrition is higher.

IV. Timely harvest

Early picking cucumber is beneficial to increase yield, cucumber can be harvested every 3-4 days in early stage, and every day or every other day in peak period, which can not only ensure the quality of cucumber, but also promote the rapid expansion of young melons and improve their sitting rate.

V. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

1. The common diseases and insect pests of cucumber are aphids, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt, downy mildew, angular spot and so on.

2. Agricultural control methods: disease-resistant varieties can be selected, crop rotation can be carried out, healthy seedlings free of diseases and insect pests should be cultivated, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, and cultivation should be carried out in deep ditches and high ridges.

3. Physical control methods: the yellow board can be hung to trap and kill pests, the specification of the yellow board is 20 × 30cm, and the hanging density is 40-60 pieces per mu.

4. Chemical control methods of diseases.

(1) Downy mildew: 72% DuPont Kelu 800x solution, or 80% aluminum ethyl phosphate wettable powder 600x solution, or 72% pric water agent 1000 times liquid spray can be selected for prevention and control.

(2) powdery mildew: 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be used in the early stage, or 15% triadimefon 1500 times, sprayed once every 5-7 days, 2-3 times continuously.

(3) Fusarium wilt: in the early stage of the disease, 800 times liquid of Lvzai 98 wettable powder or 600 times of 37% Fusarium wilt wettable powder can be irrigated to the root, once every 10 days, and continuously irrigated 2-3 times.

(4) Corner spot disease: agricultural streptomycin 10-20g, or 77% copper hydroxide 150-200g, or 20% thiobacillus copper suspension 125-160g per mu can be used in the early stage of the disease, sprayed every 7-10 days for 3-4 times.

5. Chemical control methods of insect pests

Aphids: can be sprayed with 3000 times of 10% acetamiprid wettable powder or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, once every 5-7 days, 3-4 times continuously.