Time and method of raising peach seedlings

Peach seedlings can be raised around April-May in spring or August-September in autumn. Seedling raising method: first, the mature fruit is harvested and then the pulp is removed and the seeds are left behind, then soaked in clean water for about 5 days, then taken out and placed in a wet place with astigmatism, and can be sowed and raised after a week. After this treatment, the germination rate of seeds can be greatly improved, and reasonable close planting can be carried out when the seedlings grow to about 3cm.

I. time and method of raising peach seedlings

1. Peach trees can be raised around April-May in spring and August-September in autumn. Generally, after the mature fruit is harvested, the pulp is removed and the seeds are left.

2. The seeds should be soaked for about 5-7 days before sowing in autumn, and the seeds should be stored in wet sand for about 4 months before sowing in spring. The sowing amount per mu is about 25-30 kg. When the peach seedlings grow to about 3cm, the seedlings can be separated and fixed, and the distance between plants is about 20-25cm.

II. Planting techniques of peach trees

1. Raising seedlings

The main results are as follows: (1) seedlings can be used as rootstocks, and coring can be carried out when the seedlings grow to 25-30cm, which is beneficial to the thickening of seedlings, which can reach the thickness of rootstock grafting in late summer and early autumn.

(2) generally transplanting after defoliation in early spring or autumn, seedlings can be transplanted with bare roots or sticky mud, and large seedlings need to be transplanted with clods of soil.

(3) in the later stage of cultivation, large seedlings need proper shaping and pruning, which is beneficial to form a skeleton, which can be formed into a natural happy crown and a natural cup crown.

2. Colonization

The main results are as follows: (1) Peach seedlings can be planted after defoliation to before budding, the distance between plants is about 3-4m, the distance between rows is about 4-5m, and about 500-840 trees can be planted per hectare.

(2) Peach orchard is not suitable for continuous cropping, otherwise it will easily lead to slow growth of young trees, chlorosis of leaves, glue flow from branches and stems, discoloration of new roots and multi-bifurcation.

(3) the residual roots of previous cropping decompose in the soil to produce toxic substances such as benzaldehyde and cyanic acid, which inhibit and poison the roots, so the phenomenon of avoiding continuous cropping in sandy soil or low fertility soil will be more serious. and the number of nematodes in the soil will increase during continuous cropping.

3. Rational fertilization

(1) the proportion of demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the growth process of peach trees is about 1. 5%.

(2) in order to avoid overgrowth, young peach trees need to properly control the application of nitrogen fertilizer. In order to enhance the tree potential, it is necessary to apply more nitrogen fertilizer. The content of potassium in peach fruit is about 3.2 times of nitrogen. In order to promote fruit size and increase yield, it is necessary to apply potassium fertilizer properly.

(3) fruiting trees generally need to apply fertilizer three times a year, and base fertilizer can be applied in combination with deep ploughing and soil preparation from October to November, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for about 50% of the annual fertilizer application.

(4) strong fruit fertilizer can be applied during the hard core period from the end of April to May, and potassium fertilizer is mainly applied to early-maturing varieties. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to middle-late-maturing varieties accounts for about 15-20%, potassium accounts for about 40%, and phosphorus accounts for about 20-30%.

(5) the amount of fruit-picking fertilizer applied to peach trees before and after fruit picking accounts for 15-20% of the whole year. In addition, regular ploughing and weeding is needed to keep the soil loose and drainage in time to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots.

4. Shaping and pruning

The main results are as follows: (1) Peach trees are generally pruned in winter and summer, most of them are pruned into a natural open heart shape, and the trunk is about 60cm, leaving 3-4 main branches and 1-2 secondary main branches on each main branch.

(2) after 3-4 years of planting, peach trees grow more vigorously, resulting in more long branches and dense shoots. In order to keep the fruit in balance, peach trees should be properly coring, sprouting, twisting and so on.

(3) in the full fruiting period, the tree potential of peach trees is relatively moderate, but the proportion of medium and short fruit branches increases, so it is necessary to make proper truncation to remove overdense or top strong branches, so as to improve the light conditions of fruit trees.