The technology of planting Chinese yam in the air

Soil preparation: Chinese yam is generally planted at the end of March, and the land is loosened and raked and repaired. Casing production: including joints and straight pipes. Substrate production and filling: made from mushroom residue, clam shell, Chinese herbal medicine residue and fermentation auxiliaries according to a certain proportion. Place the casing: the casing filled with the matrix is discharged into the border, and the casing leaves a gap. Planting: cover with plastic film after planting. Water and fertilizer: drip irrigation every 3 days. Post-management: framing, pruning, pest control, harvest.

First, prepare before planting

1. Land preparation

Generally, Chinese yam is planted at the end of March. Before planting, the saline-alkali land needs to be loosened, raked flat, and then repaired. The width of the border is about 3m, and the distance between the border is about 0.15m.

2. Casing making

(1) the casing is a key step in this method. The casing consists of a joint and a straight pipe. The joint is a PVC plastic pipe with a Radian of about 110o. One end of the joint can be connected to the straight pipe.

(2) the other end is an open port, the straight pipe is composed of two semi-elliptical plastic pipes, the length of the straight pipe is about 1.2m, the cross section is oval, the diameter is 42cm, and the straight pipe is equipped with two clips, which can be used to tighten the opening edge of the straight pipe.

3. Matrix fabrication and filling

The matrix is made of clam shell, Chinese herbal medicine residue, mushroom residue, carbonized rice husk and fermentation auxiliaries according to appropriate proportion, and then the prepared matrix is evenly filled into the casing. After the matrix is installed, it can be tightened with a clamp and connected to the joint.

4. Placing the casing

The casing that has been filled with matrix is neatly discharged into the border, each row is symmetrical, the appropriate gap between the casing needs to be retained, the end of the joint is to the top, the distance between the two rows is about 0.8m, and the straight pipe can be slightly tilted at an angle of 17-20 °. The top of the casing can be covered with soil, so be sure to cover the end of the casing.

II. Colonization

1. First, after the yam seed is put into the casing joint to open the port, the potato seed can be covered with aseptic soil with a water content of 70-80%, and then the field of the planted yam can be covered with black plastic film.

2. The integrated drip irrigation equipment of water and fertilizer can be set above the plastic film, and the main pipe is laid on the border drip irrigation pipe to press the plastic film, and the drip irrigation mouth needs to be aimed at each casing port to penetrate the plastic film between the drip irrigation mouth and the casing port, so that fertilizer and water can be dripped into the casing smoothly during drip irrigation.

III. Water and fertilizer

The main results are as follows: 1. Chinese yam grows rapidly. Drip irrigation should be carried out every 3 days, each time for 2 hours, and topdressing every 3 times. When topdressing is carried out, special seedling fertilizer (150kg.hm-2) can be used to completely melt into the water and drip irrigation is carried out with the water.

2. About 30 days after emergence, drip irrigation will be carried out in the middle stage of growth, once every 3 days, each time for about 4 hours. In the middle stage, topdressing should be carried out after every 2 times of drip irrigation. After the special fertilizer (300kg.hm-2) is completely dissolved in water, drip irrigation will be carried out with water.

3. Chinese yam enters the vigorous growth period after budding. Drip irrigation is carried out every 3 days for 5 hours, and topdressing is carried out in the peak period. Once every 6 days, the fertilizer (600kg.hm-2) can be dissolved in water and drip irrigation is carried out with water. During drip irrigation, the water output of drip outlet is 2-3L.h-1.

IV. Post-management

1. Set up a frame

First, the two ends of the border are buried in a cement column with a height of 1.8m. After the cement column is deeply buried and fixed, the steel wire can be pulled between the cement columns at both ends of the border, and then tightened, and one end of the yam frame net is worn on the steel wire to let the whole piece droop naturally, and then the bottom line is pierced into the lower mesh, flattened and fixed, which can be used as a support for yam vines.

2. Pruning

During the growth period, the side branches need to be pruned in time, and the yam beans can be removed, and 4-5 side branches can be retained per plant.

3. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

During the growth of stem vines of Chinese yam, leaf spot and anthracnose are more prone to occur. Foliar spray should be carried out every 7 days or so, and 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid, 70% mancozeb 500 times liquid, 50% carbendazim 500 times solution should be selected.

4. Harvest

The harvest can begin in the middle and lower part of October, and it will all be harvested before the Beginning of Winter. During harvest, the soil above the plastic film and casing should be removed, the casing should be dug out along the root, the joint should be removed, and then the clamp can be opened, and the yam can be taken out, and the casing can be reused.