Planting conditions of Fritillaria thunbergii

Fritillaria thunbergii has the characteristics of cold resistance, humidity, shade and fear of high humidity, so it likes cold climatic conditions, when the air temperature is more than 30 ℃ or the ground temperature is more than 25 ℃, it will wither, so it is not suitable to be planted in areas with high air temperature and low altitude.

1. Planting conditions of Fritillaria thunbergii

1. Fritillaria thunbergii is mainly produced in Xizang, Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia and other regions. It likes cool climatic conditions and has the characteristics of humidity, cold tolerance, shade and fear of high humidity. When the air temperature reaches more than 30 ℃, or the ground temperature exceeds 25 ℃, the plant will wither, so it can not survive in areas with high temperature and low altitude.

2. Under the condition of no shade at all, it is easy to cause the seedlings to die in the sun. Excessive sunlight will promote the water evaporation of Fritillaria thunbergii and strengthen its respiration, which can easily lead to low drying rate of bulbs and slightly yellow color. After processing, it is easy to become "yellow", "soft" and "oil".

2. Planting method of Fritillaria thunbergii

1. Seed cultivation

The main results are as follows: (1) when Fritillaria thunbergii is excavated from June to July, bulbs with diameter above 1cm, disease-free and damage-free can be selected as seeds, and bulbs need to be planted according to small, medium and large respectively, and bulbs can be planted while digging, and bulbs 100kg can be used per mu.

(2) before the seeds emerge in March in the second year after planting, appropriate amount of Zhencaoning can be sprayed, and then in early April, weeds should be pulled out and appropriate amount of human and animal dung water should be applied, and topdressing should be carried out again from late April to early May. When the fruit is full and expanded from July to August, the fruit shell becomes yellowish brown or brown, and the fruit is cut off when the seed has been dried, and the fruit can be threshed or ripened with a shell while it is fresh.

2. Post-ripening treatment

(1) the shelled seeds of Fritillaria thunbergii need to be sifted with fine humus soil with a water content of less than 10%, a layer of fruit and a layer of soil, then put into a breathable wooden box and put in a cool and damp place.

(2) the threshed seeds and humus soil should be mixed and stored indoors or in breathable wooden boxes according to the proportion of 1:4. During storage, the soil should be kept moist, the pericarp expands for about 40 days, the length of the embryo exceeds 2 × 3 of the vertical axis of the seed, and the apex of the embryo is curved. Sowing can be carried out after the completion of embryo morphology and maturity.

3. Select the place

The planting site of Fritillaria thunbergii needs to be selected in the leeward Yinshan or Banyin Mountain. During this period, it is necessary to stay away from wheat crops and avoid being infected with rust. Loam or oil sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose texture and rich humus is suitable. The wasteland can plant hemp for one season, which can mature the land, purify weeds, improve soil structure and increase organic matter.

4. Land preparation

It is necessary to prepare the soil before freezing, remove weeds on the ground, make a 1.3 m wide border with deep ploughing fine rake, apply calcium superphosphate 50kg, cruller 100kg and barnyard manure 1500kg per mu, and sprinkle it on the border surface after composting and ripening, and turn it shallowly, and the border surface should be arched.

5. Sowing method

The main results are as follows: (1) Strip sowing: a horizontal trench with a depth of 1.5-2cm was opened on the border surface, and then the seeds mixed with fine soil or plant ash were evenly scattered into the ditch and covered with fine humus soil 3cm. During this period, the border surface could be covered with mountain grass or leafless branches, and the amount of seeds per mu was 2-2.5kg.

(2) sowing: spread seeds evenly on the border surface, suitable for 3000-5000 seeds per square meter, and cover fine humus soil 3cm, during which the border can be covered with mountain grass or leafless branches.

(3) on demand: when the fruit was not dry, the undried fruit was divided into 3 petals, and the holes were opened according to the row spacing of 5-6cm. Each hole was sprinkled with 1 clove of Fritillaria thunbergii and covered with soil 3cm. This method is labor-consuming, but the seedling emergence rate is very high.