High-yield cultivation techniques of Tomato grafting in overwintering season in Solar greenhouse

Selecting varieties with strong disease resistance and soaking seeds to promote germination, rotten ring fertilizer and disease-free mature soil can be used as culture soil, adding appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, sowing in the middle or late August, planting when the seedlings grow to 4-5 leaves, applying appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, covering plastic film in time after watering, and doing a good job in the management of temperature and light during the period. And spray Buzhongmike, Sukeling and other chemicals to control diseases and insect pests.

I. varieties

For the cultivation of overwintering tomato in solar greenhouse, we can choose middle and late ripe pink or red fruit varieties with strong disease resistance (leaf mold, gray mold, virus disease, early blight, late blight, etc.), high seedling, good quality, high yield, large fruit type, storage and transportation tolerance, such as Maofan 802, L402, Israel R144 and so on.

Second, soaking seeds to accelerate germination

1. Soak the seeds with 50-55 ℃ water, stir to 30 ℃, soak for 3-4 hours, and then soak the seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate for 10-15 minutes.

2. You can also soak the seeds with 500x solution of potassium permanganate for 20-30 minutes, wash the seeds clean, and then put them in the environment of 25-28 ℃ to accelerate germination.

Nursery bed and cultivated soil

The main results are as follows: 1. It can be used as a high bed and then a sunshade net can be used for shading, rain protection and aphid prevention.

2. The ring fertilizer which is fully ripened by 1GUBG-3 can be used to ripen the soil with the disease-free pathogen-free, and then slapped fine and sifted to make nutritious soil.

3. In general, 1 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of plant ash, or 2 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be added to each cubic meter of culture soil, and then 80 grams of more than 50% carbendazim can be added evenly.

Fourth, sowing seeds

Wait until 60% of the seeds sprout can be sown, you can choose to sow in the middle or late August, before and after sowing, spray around the seedbed to control aphids and so on.

Fifth, seedbed management

In the high temperature weather during the day, shade should be carried out, the bed temperature should not exceed 30 ℃, and rainy days should be covered with film to prevent the seedlings from overgrowing. In order to avoid excessive growth of seedlings, 1000 mg / kg of zhenzhengsu can be sprayed once in the period of 2 true leaves.

VI.Seedling

The main results are as follows: 1. When the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, the seedlings are divided into the pre-prepared nutrient soil seedling bed, according to the row spacing is 12cm, the plant spacing is 12cm, or into a nutrition bowl with a diameter of 10-12cm.

2. In the slow seedling stage after seedling division, the seedlings should be shaded properly at noon, and the bed temperature should be kept at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night.

3. After slowing down the seedlings, the temperature should be kept at about 25 ℃ during the day and 15-18 ℃ at night. A few days before planting, the seedlings should be tempered by properly lowering the bed temperature. When the seedlings grow to 4-5 leaves, spray 1000 mg / kg of bodybuilder once again.

4. If Maofen 802 is selected, the hairy and hairless plants need to be divided into seedlings and then planted in pieces in order to facilitate later management.

7. Disease prevention at seedling stage

At seedling stage, fungicides can be sprayed 1-2 times to prevent diseases. Generally, 200-250 times Bordeaux solution is a suitable protective agent, that is, 1-100-250 Bordeaux solution.

VIII. Fertilization and soil preparation

15-20 days before planting, 5 cubic meters of mature high-quality organic fertilizer, 50-60 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 100 kg of superphosphate can be applied per mu.

IX. Cultivation methods and planting

The main results are as follows: 1. We can take the way of large and small rows and small high beds, that is, the north-south border, with a large row spacing of 80-90cm and a small row spacing of 60-70cm.

2. Two rows were planted in each row, and according to the plant spacing of 30-35cm, 2500-3000 plants could be planted per mu.

3. It is planted from late September to early October. After planting, the seedlings should be watered thoroughly, and the ground should be paddled and hoed after drying.

4. after waiting for 7-10 days, deep ploughing and covering soil to the plant to form a small high border, and then covered with plastic film.

Before and after slowing down the seedlings

1. The film should be covered during the period, keeping the room temperature at 28-30 ℃ during the day and 17-20 ℃ at night, and the ground temperature should not be lower than 20 ℃, which is helpful to promote seedling retardation.

2. After slowing down the seedlings, it is necessary to lower the room temperature properly, keep 22-26 ℃ during the day and 15-18 ℃ at night, and spray 1000 mg / kg of bodybuilder 1-2 times to prevent the plant from growing.

3. Then pruning alone, wiping branches and binding seedlings in time, during which watering should be controlled, plastic film ploughing can be lifted, which is beneficial to root promotion and seedling control.

Before and after fruit setting in the first inflorescence

To avoid falling flowers and fruits caused by low temperature, 30 mg / kg anti-falling element can be used during this period. After fruit setting, 3-4 fruits can be left in each ear. When the fruit of the first inflorescence is like a walnut, it can be watered under the middle film of the high border. 15 kg urea per mu or rotten bean cake water should be watered thoroughly, and the amount of watering should be controlled during the overwintering period.

Management of temperature, light, etc.

During the planting period, it is necessary to uncover the grass in time, extend the light time as long as possible, and remove the cover in case of overcast and snowy weather, which is beneficial for the plant to receive scattered light. The indoor should keep 20-30 ℃ during the day and 13-15 ℃ at night, and the lowest night temperature should not be lower than 8 ℃. When the noon temperature reaches 30 ℃ on a sunny day, the skylight can be opened for ventilation.

XIII. Carbon dioxide fertilization

During the overwintering period, the room temperature is lower, so the ventilation is less. if the organic fertilizer is not applied enough indoors, it will lead to a shortage of carbon dioxide, so you can apply 600,800mg / kg of carbon dioxide from 9 am to 11:00 on a sunny day.

14. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

It can be used to control aphids, leaf miner, whitefly and other pests, and can be used alternately with Sukeling, chlorothalonil, or dust agent, which is beneficial to the control of Botrytis cinerea, leaf mold, early blight, late blight and other diseases.