Planting techniques and cultivation management of Chinese yam, with matters needing attention in the field

Planting essentials: the suitable temperature for rooting and germination is about 10-24℃, the pH value of soil planted is slightly acidic or neutral, the length of ditch dug should be determined according to the variety type of yam, and the incision of yam should be smeared with disinfection ash before planting. Field management: When yam vines start to grow, they should be erected in time and weeded. During the growth period, appropriate urea should be applied, and irrigation and drainage should be done well.

I. Key points of cultivation

1. Select soil

(1) Chinese yam is a thermophilic crop. The suitable temperature for rooting and germination is about 10-24℃. In addition to some cold areas in China, most provinces and cities can plant Chinese yam.

(2) Soft sandy soil is suitable for planting yam, and the soil pH value is slightly acidic or neutral in areas with high terrain and convenient irrigation.

2. Trenching

(1) Usually according to the variety type of yam, to determine the length of the ditch, after digging the ditch, do not immediately sow, during the period according to the temperature drying for a few days, and then backfill the ditch.

(2) Generally, when backfilling, it is necessary to compact according to the order of bottom layer, lower soil and middle soil, and finally clean up the surface layer.

3. Selection of varieties

Before planting, according to local climatic conditions and other factors, select high-quality, disease-free, high-vitality yam with bud block, and then wipe the incision with disinfection ash before planting.

II. Field management

1. Set up a stent

(1) During the growth process of yam, the vines must be kept away from the ground. When the vines of yam begin to grow, they need to build a support for traction, so that the vines of yam climb up slowly along the support.

(2) The relatively low-cost bracket can be built with bamboo blocks, during which a herringbone frame or frame-shaped frame can be erected, and the height is about 2 meters.

2. Weeding

When the yam stems are rolled onto the support, weeding is carried out once after 15 days. When weeding, part of the soil between the frames is dug into the frame, so that the frame is convex, and a ditch with a depth of 20 cm and a width of about 30 cm is formed outside the frame, which is convenient for drainage in rainy season.

3. Fertilization

(1) When the vine of yam rolls to half of the stent, urea can be applied once, and the amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the growth of yam and the color of vine leaves.

(2) Generally, less fertilizer should be applied to those that grow vigorously, and more fertilizer should be applied to weak seedlings. When vines grow all over the stent, yam with weak seedlings or yellow leaves can be fertilized again.

4. Irrigation and drainage

(1) Chinese yam can resist drought, but if you want high yield, you should pay attention to the amount of watering. Generally, before and after the first topdressing, if the soil is relatively dry, you can irrigate 1-2 times of water.

(2) In rainy season, it is necessary to clean ditches for drainage in time to avoid ponding in the field, resulting in a decline in the quality and yield of yam.