The planting time and method of sunflower, how long will it be harvested?

Land selection and soil preparation: planting in plots with medium fertility and low soil viscosity, and dressing seeds with new high-fat film before sowing. Planting time: it is suitable to sow seeds from March to April in spring. Check the field to replenish seedlings: if there is a lack of seedlings, you should replant them in time. Fix seedlings between seedlings: avoid squeezing seedlings. Middle ploughing and weeding: weeding and loosening soil for 2-3 times. Trench topdressing: application of diammonium phosphate and urea. Timely irrigation: furrow irrigation is adopted. Pollination management: 3-4 times of artificial pollination at full flowering. Harvest time: July-September.

I. selection of land and land preparation

The main results are as follows: 1. Sunflower is suitable to be planted in the land with flat land, medium fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage and relatively low soil viscosity, but not in the continuous cropping land.

2. Sunflowers generally reproduce in the way of seeds, mainly peat soil when sowing, and seed dressing with new high-fat membrane before sowing, which is helpful to ward off underground pests, isolate virus infection and effectively improve seed germination rate.

Second, planting time

The growth rate of sunflower is relatively fast, and it is generally possible to sow seeds in spring and autumn, but when sowing begins in March-April in spring, the survival rate of sowing will be higher, because this time is the golden period for sunflower growth, the suitable temperature for sowing is 18-25 ℃, and it will sprout about 5-7 days after sowing.

Third, inspect the fields to replenish seedlings

1. Sunflower is a kind of dicotyledonous crop, which is generally difficult to emerge from the top soil, coupled with the low quality of soil preparation and sowing, or the hardening of the surface soil after sowing, or the damage caused by diseases, insects, rats, finches, etc., are easy to cause lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

2. Therefore, in order to ensure the whole seedling sowing, it is necessary to check the field by line at the seedling emergence stage, and the lack of seedlings in a row should be replanted in time.

4. Determine the seedlings

1. Sunflowers should interplant seedlings as early as possible to avoid squeezing seedlings and affect the cultivation of strong seedlings. As for saline-alkali land and plots with heavy insect pests, the time of seedling determination can be postponed appropriately.

2. at the same time, sunflower seedlings should be determined as early as possible, which is beneficial to cultivate strong seedlings and promote disk development at the same time.

Fifth, ploughing and weeding

1. During the planting period, it is necessary to plough 2-3 times. Proper weeding and loosening soil can break hardening, conserve water, reduce evaporation, reduce saline-alkali damage and so on.

2. The first intertillage can be carried out in 1-2 pairs of true leaves, while the second intertillage can be carried out one week after seedling setting, and the third intertillage can be completed at the same time before ridging, soil cultivation and fertilization.

6. Trenching and manuring

Sunflowers prefer fertilizer, generally trenching and topdressing can be carried out in the third intertillage, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, applying diammonium phosphate 5kg and urea 10kg per mu, through trenching soil can effectively ensure the growth and development of secondary roots, avoid plant lodging, and help to reduce the basal branches below cotyledon nodes.

7. Timely irrigation

The main results are as follows: 1. Sunflower irrigation is generally done by furrow irrigation. For varieties with a plant height of 1.5 meters, the head water should be carried out at the flower bud stage, the second water can be carried out at the early flowering stage, and the three water can be carried out at the filling stage.

2. For the varieties with a plant height of about 2 meters, the head water can be carried out 4-5 days before flowering, while in the plots with serious drought, irrigation can be carried out in advance, the second water can be carried out 6-7 days after the head water, and the three water can be carried out during the filling period.

8. Pollination management

The main results are as follows: 1. The seed setting rate of self-pollination of sunflower is relatively low, while that of cross-pollination is relatively high, so artificial auxiliary pollination should be carried out in time.

2. Pollination can be carried out 3-4 times in full bloom by pollination by means of disk, powder puff and cotton thread gloves, or by collecting male parent pollen and gently smearing it on the stigma of the female parent with a small brush.

9. Harvest time

1. Sunflowers are generally carefully cultivated in the sun after sowing. They will blossom in about 50-80 days, and the fruit will begin to mature in July-September.

2. When the sunflower is ripe, it can be processed and made into melon seeds for consumption, and mature fruits can also be harvested to extract oil for consumption. Sunflower seed oil can make the food taste delicious and play a role in reducing fat at the same time. Mature seeds can also be sown the next year.