Grafting eggplant technology, with operation flow

Introduction of rootstocks: eggplant rootstocks, Solanum przewalskii rootstocks and Torubam rootstocks have higher disease resistance and grafting survival rate. Choose scion: farmer long eggplant, Hangzhou red eggplant, Xi'an green eggplant and so on. Grafting seedlings: first sow rootstocks and then sow scions. Split grafting: when the rootstock grows to 6-7 true leaves and the scion grows to 5-6 true leaves, grafting can be carried out. Bonding method: the size of rootstock and scion is the same as that of split grafting.

Introduction of rootstocks

1. Flat eggplant rootstock

(1) also known as red eggplant and red eggplant, mainly resistant to Fusarium wilt and moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, its control effect can be as high as 80%, seeds are easy to germinate, and the survival rate of grafting is higher.

(2) generally, using eggplant as rootstock needs to sow 7 days earlier than scion, and the main soil-borne disease is bacterial wilt, and it is not suitable to choose this variety as rootstock in the land with serious disease.

2. Eggplant rootstock

(1) it is highly resistant to Verticillium wilt, and its control effect is more than 93%. It is now a widely used rootstock variety in the north, and the seeds are easy to germinate. After soaking for 24 hours, all of them will germinate in about 10 days.

(2) eggplant is more tolerant to low temperature and is more suitable for greenhouse grafting cultivation in autumn and winter. Eggplant as rootstock is about 5-20 days earlier than scion.

3. Torubam rootstock

The main results are as follows: (1) the four soil-borne diseases of Verticillium wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode can reach the degree of high resistance or immunity, and the seeds need to be germinated. The seeds can be soaked with gibberellin 100-200 mg / kg and then soaked for 24 hours.

(2) then wash it with clean water and put it in a small cloth bag to accelerate germination. The germination and sowing should be 25 days earlier than that of scion, and 35 days ahead of time if soaking seeds.

2. Select scion

The main results are as follows: 1. For the above rootstocks, the affinity of scion is relatively strong, and the wound will heal 7-10 days after grafting, and the requirement of rootstock on scion is not very strict.

2. For example, Ega No. 1, 8819 line eggplant, farmer long eggplant in autumn and winter in some provinces, Suzaki eggplant in winter and spring, Hangzhou red eggplant, Xi'an green eggplant, Luoyang green eggplant and 9318 purple eggplant can all be used as scions.

3. Grafting seedlings

The main results are as follows: 1. Generally, rootstocks should be sowed before scions in sowing time, rootstocks in autumn and winter are sown in the middle of July, rootstocks in winter and spring are sown in the first and middle of September, and precocious rootstocks in greenhouse are sown around January.

2. The scion seeds should be soaked in 55 ℃ warm water or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 2 hours, and the scion nursery bed soil should choose the field soil that has not planted Solanaceae crops, or soilless seedlings.

IV. Splitting method

1. When the rootstock grows to 6-7 true leaves and the scion grows to 5-6 true leaves, grafting can be carried out.

2. The rootstock with similar stem thickness and scion were selected for grafting. On the upper part of the 2 true leaves of the rootstock, the upper part could be cut off with a blade, and then a cut with a depth of 1-1.5cm was made in the middle of the cross section of the stem.

3. Take scion seedlings to keep 2-3 true leaves, cut off the lower end, then carefully cut into a wedge, the slope length is the same as the rootstock incision, and then insert the scion into the rootstock incision, after alignment, you can clamp it with a fixed clip and put it on the seedling bed floor.

5. Affixing method

The main results are as follows: 1. The size of rootstock and scion is the same as that of split grafting. At first, the rootstock retains 2 true leaves, then the upper part is removed, and then it is cut into a 30 °angle slope with a length of 1-1.5cm.

2. Take the scion, then keep 2-3 true leaves, cross-cut off the lower end, and cut into a slope of the same size as the rootstock, the two are aligned and tight, and then clamped with a fixed clip.

VI. Management of grafted seedlings

1. The suitable temperature for wound healing after heat preservation and grafting is about 25 ℃, so the nursery bed greenhouse needs to be controlled at 24-26 ℃ during the day, generally no more than 28 ℃, and 20-22 ℃ at night, not less than 16 ℃.

2. During this period, a small arch shed can be set up in the greenhouse to keep warm, and cooling measures should be taken in high temperature weather, such as building shed and ventilation, etc., and wait for 3-5 days, then start to let out, and then gradually lower the temperature.

3. Moisturizing is critical to the success or failure of grafting. It is generally required that the humidity in the small arch shed should be kept at 90%, 95%, 95% and 90% within 3-5 days, and the relative humidity should be kept between 85% and 90% after 4-5 days.

4. If shading can be covered with paper quilts, straw curtains, etc. on a small arch shed, there is no need to shade the light on cloudy days, and it should be completely shaded within 3-4 days after grafting.

5. give light in the morning and evening from the 4th day, shade at noon, and then gradually remove the cover in the later stage. When the temperature is too low, you can see the light early, which is helpful to increase the temperature and promote wound healing. Shading should be carried out at noon when the temperature is high.

6. Wait for about 10-15 days, all the interfaces will heal well, then remove the fixing clip and resume the daily management. generally, the grafted rootstocks often grow lateral buds, which need to be wiped off in a sunny morning to avoid infection of soil surface germs through the wound.

7. Planting time

The grafted seedlings of eggplant in arch shed can be planted in late March, the grafted seedlings in autumn greenhouse can be planted in mid-September, and the grafted seedlings in winter and spring can be planted in mid-December.