The structural change of wheat quality stability intensified in 2015.

The reporter learned from the recent "2015 Wheat quality Evaluation and Wheat quality improvement Seminar" that the quality of wheat samples submitted for inspection in China in 2015 was generally stable. However, the structure of high quality wheat changed obviously, strong gluten and weak gluten varieties accounted for a small proportion, and medium strong gluten and medium gluten wheat became the main varieties of high quality wheat.

The meeting published the 2015 wheat sampling inspection quality report, analyzed the annual changes of various types of wheat from 2006 to 2015, discussed the wheat quality status of weak gluten wheat, Jianghuai wheat region, southwest wheat region, northern Huang-Huai wheat region and the foothills of Daxing'an Mountains, and introduced the current wheat quality requirements for the production of bread, steamed bread and noodles. The meeting not only carried out a panoramic scan of the wheat quality in 2015, but also put forward suggestions for further technical measures through a review of the wheat quality in the past 10 years. Pan Wenbo, deputy director of the planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out at the meeting that in the process of "12 consecutive increases" of grain, the Ministry of Agriculture has not relaxed its emphasis on and support for quality work, and has embarked on a path of grain development that takes into account both output and quality. In the process of economic transformation, the simultaneous improvement of wheat yield and quality in China is bound to come.

Hu Xuexu, an assistant researcher at the Grain quality Supervision, Inspection and testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, made a report on the quality of wheat in China in 2015 on behalf of the organizer. The report analyzes the test data of 2015 on the test data chain of the past 10 years, and takes the hard red winter wheat of the United States as a reference to show the wheat quality in China in a three-dimensional and macro way. In 2015, a total of 772 wheat samples harvested in that year were collected from 357 counties in 19 provinces, autonomous regions and cities, with a total of 242 varieties. Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui and Sichuan provinces actively participated, with a sample volume of more than 60. Several main quality indexes such as bulk density, protein content, wet gluten content, dough stability time and precipitation index are all within the narrow amplitude formed by the 10-year test data, indicating that the overall quality of wheat is stable this year. According to the usual practice, the meeting conducted on-site bread evaluation activities by experts, and the bread scoring results were also stable, and the bread scores of several varieties exceeded those of the control.

However, profound changes have taken place behind the stability of quality. Among the tested wheat standards, strong gluten wheat accounts for only 3%, and weak gluten accounts for 1%. In other words, the current high quality wheat varieties in China are mainly traditional medium gluten and medium strong gluten varieties. The main reason is that after the change of China's wheat industrial policy in 2010, strong gluten and weak gluten are used as special wheat for bread and cake. on the one hand, because the yield is lower than that of medium gluten varieties, the enthusiasm of the agricultural sector has declined; on the other hand, it is due to the lack of high quality and high price. Farmers' enthusiasm for planting has declined. After 2010, the proportion of strong gluten and weak gluten wheat up to the inspection standard is getting smaller and smaller. This year, there are only 4 weak gluten wheat samples from 4 varieties. The proportion of samples decreased from less than 5% in 2006 to less than 0.5%. Moreover, the protein and wet gluten content and stability time of weak gluten varieties were high, which made it difficult to reach the standard.

The sampling test for 10 years showed that the sample proportion was positively correlated with the extension area of various types of wheat varieties, and the extension proportion of various types of wheat was related to the quality of wheat in China. Experts at the meeting suggested that rationally distributing the extension area of various types of high-quality wheat varieties, starting with the existing varieties, and appropriately increasing the planting area of high-quality wheat, especially strong and weak gluten wheat, is an important part of grain restructuring in the next step. At present, the yield and quality of traditional medium-gluten and medium-strong gluten wheat are generally improved, which provides a space for the scientific division of high-quality wheat production areas from the perspective of regionalization. In the past 10 years, the number of medium-strong and medium-strength tendons has increased from 23% to 48%. This is our achievement. However, the number of strong gluten has dropped from 12% to 2%, which has intensified the demand for imports of high-quality wheat in our country. The situation that the deficiency is getting shorter and shorter can no longer continue, what's more, at present, the reduction of corn in Northeast China has created conditions for the return of high-quality spring wheat, and the strong gluten wheat in the northern spring wheat region can take advantage of the withdrawal of corn to restore the planting area of spring wheat, so as to achieve the balanced and coordinated development of all kinds of wheat and promote wheat production to embark on a green, ecological and harmonious road.

The meeting was sponsored by the planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, and jointly hosted by the Institute of crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Grain quality Supervision, Inspection and Test Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Grain and Product quality Supervision, Inspection and Test Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Harbin), the Grain quality Supervision, Inspection and Test Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Taian), and the Agricultural products quality Supervision, Inspection and Test Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Zhengzhou). Relevant responsible persons from the Ministry of Agriculture and agricultural administration and technical popularization departments of major wheat producing provinces and regions, experts in the fields of wheat breeding, cultivation and food processing from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and relevant provincial and municipal academies of agricultural sciences and agricultural universities, nearly 100 representatives of a number of wheat trade and processing enterprises, including Zheng Shang Institute and Cofco, attended the meeting.