How to treat grape diseases?

Grape plays an important role in fruit production in the world. in the process of cultivation, grape diseases and insect pests have a great impact on plant growth and development, yield and quality. So, how to treat the grape disease?

1. Grape anthracnose

Symptoms: grape anthracnose can infect fruits, branches, leaves and tendrils. A small brown round spot occurs at the infected spot, which gradually expands and depresses, and the disease spot produces concentric wheel-like near-circular lines and neatly arranged small black spots. These black spots are conidial disks, which are characterized by pink colloidal conidia leaking from the conidium in wet weather. The disease spot can extend to the whole fruit surface, and the diseased fruit gradually shrinks into stiff fruit, and sometimes the whole ear shrinks into whole ear stiff fruit.

Prevention and control measures: spray control is carried out in the south since late April and in the north in late May, and then it is generally sprayed every 10-15 days. It can spray 80% anthrax Fumei 700-800 times, 50% chlorothalonil 600-700 times, 50% chlorhexil or mancozeb 800 times. There are many Rain Water in the south, and adhesive agents such as "6501" 1500 times or 0.03% murine 0.05% leather glue are added to the liquid.

2. White rot

Symptoms: light brown water-immersed near-round disease spots first appeared on the fruit stalks and ear rachis, and the rot of the disease turned brown, which definitely spread to the fruit grains, which became brown and soft, and in the later stage, gray-white small granular conidia were produced on the diseased parts of the diseased grains and ear rachis. The diseased fruit is easy to fall off.

Prevention and control measures: in the north, the grapes are sprayed with 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture or 100-fold chlorothalonil after being unearthed; spray prevention every 15 days or so at the beginning of the young fruit stage (in June) until harvest. In the south, it is necessary to grasp the control work during the inflorescence separation period (from late April to early May), 7 days after flowering, and half a month before maturation. The main medicaments are half-dose, equal or double Bordeaux solution, 75% chlorothalonil 800-fold solution, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 700-fold solution, 70% thiophanate 700-fold solution or 50% antiseptic 800-fold solution.

3. Downy mildew

Symptoms: grape downy mildew is mainly harmful to leaves, new shoots and young fruits. The injured part of the leaf first produced a yellowish brown water-immersed spot with unclear edges, and the disease spot gradually expanded into irregular or slightly round yellow brown spot, with a diameter of up to 13 cm, and the boundary of the disease spot was unclear.

Prevention and treatment measures: spraying should be started at the initial stage of the disease. In the north, the spray is usually sprayed every 15 days starting from the first and middle of June. The control effect of 25% pyrethromyces or domestic metalaxyl 600 times solution is the best, and 40% ethyl phosphate aluminum 300 times solution, 90% ethyl phosphorus aluminum 500 times solution or 1 kind of 0.5 200 times Bordeaux solution also has a better control effect.

4. Powdery mildew

Symptoms: grape disease. The green parts such as fruit, leaf and new school vine can be damaged, and the loss of fruit is the biggest. Fruit damage, first in the fruit surface to produce a layer of gray-white powdery mold, wipe off the white powder, the epidermis shows a brown pattern, and finally the epidermal cells become dark brown.

Prevention and control methods: spray 3-5 pomethyl sulphur mixture once before germination, spray 0.2-0.5 pomethyl sulphur mixture after germination, or 1000 times of 50% topiramate, 1000 times of methyl topiramate, or 1000 times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder.

5. Brown spot

Symptoms: grape brown spot disease often occurs in various grape producing areas in China, mainly in rainy and humid coastal and Jiangnan provinces, lighter in general arid areas or less rainy years, and a large number of diseases in the late rainy years of poorly managed orchards, causing early defoliation and affecting the tree potential, resulting in reduced production.

Prevention and control methods: in areas with serious disease, 200 times Bordeaux solution can be sprayed once in June, 500 times 50% carbendazim, 600,800 times chlorothalonil or 1000 times topiramate alternately in June, and once every 10-15 days. 65% mancozeb is harmful to some grape fruits, especially in the north, and the concentration should be 1000-1200 times.

"Prevention first, integrated control" is the basic principle of grape pest control. In grape production, it is necessary to observe the epidemic situation at any time and prevent it in advance. Comprehensive prevention and control should be based on agricultural control, at the same time, according to local conditions, rational use of chemical pesticide control, biological control, physical control and other measures.